Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus

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" Acanthamoeba polyphaga Moumouvirus "
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Varidnaviria
Empire : Bamfordvirae
Phylum : Nucleocytoviricota
Class : Megaviricetes
Order : Impersonal
Family : Mimiviridae
Subfamily : "Mimivirinae" / "Megavirinae" / "Megamimivirinae"
Genre : Mimivirus
without rank: "Mimivirus Line B "
Type : "Acanthamoeba polyphaga Moumouvirus"
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : dsDNA
Baltimore : Group 1
Symmetry : icosahedral
Scientific name
“Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus”
Short name
AMoV / APMoV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 1269028

" Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus " (AMoV or APMoV) is a proposed species of giant viruses in the family Mimiviridae . The virus was isolated in 2008 from water samples from an industrial cooling tower in south-eastern France; the amoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga served as host in the laboratory .

construction

The capsid of the virions (virus particles) has an icosahedral geometry with a diameter of approximately 420  nm, somewhat smaller than that of its relatives Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus or " Megavirus chilensis ". It is covered by a dense layer of fibers; the fibers, with a length of 199 nm, are in the range of other mimi- and megaviruses (75 to 125 nm).

Genome

The genome of " Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus " consists of double-stranded DNA and is 1,021,348 bp in length  , more than 200 kbp (or 100 kbp) shorter than that of megaviruses (or mimiviruses). According to the analysis, there are 930 open reading frames ( english open reading frames , ORFs), and the genome should 894 proteins encode , with 879 as homologous proved to known proteins. Of these, there were 702 with the greatest agreement on " Megavirus chilensis ".

Propagation cycle

During multiplication, AMoV forms in the cytoplasm of the host cells of A. polyphaga virus factories of a similar shape to that observed in mimic and megaviruses.

Systematics

Together with the (actual) mimiviruses around Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (ApMV) as line A ( English lineage A ), the megaviruses around " Megavirus chilensis " (MGVc) as line C and the Tupan viruses , the moumouviruses around AMoV as line B belong to group I. in the family of the Mimiviridae ; for this group I the rank of a subfamily ( Mimivirinae or Megamimivirinae ) was proposed.

In the meantime, a number of possible representatives of the Moumouviren have been found, even if as of April 2020 no official confirmation of such a species has been made by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) lists a number of Moumouviruses at species level or below. In detail, the following system arises, whereby the taxonomic ranks (genus, species or below) are often still under discussion:

  • " Mimiviridae Group I" (proposed as subfamily " Megamimivirinae " or " Mimivirinae ")
  • Species: " Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus " (AMoV or APMoV) - the original isolate, found in southwest France.
  • Species " Saudi moumouvirus " (SDMV) - found in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia. SDMV has 868 ORFs and a GC content of 25.83%.
  • Species: " Moumouvirus goulette " (AMgV) (aka Goulette virus: La Goulette , Tunisia)
  • Species: " Moumouvirus australiensis " - found in Australia.
  • Species: " Moumou virus M10A " (alias " Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus M10A ") - with a diameter of 420 nm and a genome length of 1.2  Mbp .
  • Species: " Moumouvirus " alias " Moumou virus " (en. " Moumou virus ", incerta sedes ) - this seems to be a collective species not necessarily belonging to the genus Mimivirus , in which one puts all representatives of the Moumouviruses as long as one does not own them Want to give species rank.
  • Moumouvirus moumou - with a genome length of 1.0 Mbp, 915 ORFs and a GC content of 24.6%. Possibly identical to the first found representative of the Moumouviruses (as a species Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus ).
  • Moumouvirus saoudian - found in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia. Apparently identical to the first representative of the Moumouviren found in Arabia (as a species of Saudi moumouvirus ).
  • Moumouvirus Monve (aka Monve Virus) - found in France. The diameter is 390 nm
  • Moumouvirus ochan (aka Ochan virus), - found in Marseille , France.
  • Moumouvirus battle49 - found in Cassis , France.
  • Moumouvirus boug1 - found in Gafsa , Tunisia.
  • Moumouvirus istres (aka Istres virus) - found in Istres , France.
  • Mimivirus line C ( Courdo11 group, megaviruses with Megavirus chilensis , MVc)
  • Mimivirus line D ( Tupan virus group, Tupan viruses with Tupan virus , putatively its own genus)

The affiliation of the viruses to the genus Mimivirus is only certain for line A, not necessarily for lines B and C (see Tupan viruses).

Proposed phylogenetic tree of the genus Mimivirus according to Abrahão et al. (2018), Fig. 4:

 
Mimivirus 

Mimivirus line A ( Mimivirus see p. )


  
 Mimivirus line B
( Moumouvirus group) 

Monve virus


   

Moumouvirus goulette


   

Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus ( AMoV )


   

Saudi moumouvirus





   

Mimivirus line C ( Courdo11 group: Megavirus chilensis , ...)




Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style

Note: Italics for suggested species.

Virophages

The Zamilon -Virophage parasitized (besides the Mimiviren in the narrower sense, line C) (i. E. Line B) under the Moumouviren the Moumouvirus Monve ( Monve virus ), and the Acanthamoeba polyphaga Moumouvirus (APMoV).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Christoph M. Deeg, Cheryl-Emiliane T. Chow, Curtis A. Suttle: The kinetoplastid-infecting Bodo saltans virus (BsV), a window into the most abundant giant viruses in the sea ... , in: eLife Sciences 7, March 2018, doi: 10.7554 / eLife.33014
  3. ↑ Center national de la recherche scientifique: List of the main “giant” viruses known as of today (March 2019) , Université Aix Marseille, March 2019.
  4. ↑ a b c Frederik Schulz, Lauren Alteio, Danielle Goudeau, Elizabeth M. Ryan, Feiqiao B. Yu, Rex R. Malmstrom, Jeffrey Blanchard, Tanja Woyke: Hidden diversity of soil giant viruses , in: Nature Communications Volume 9, Article number : 4881 from November 19, 2018, doi: 10.1038 / s41467-018-07335-2
  5. ↑ a b Sharon Clouthier, Eric Anderson, Gael Kurath, Rachel B. Breyta: Molecular systematics of sturgeon nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses , in: Mol Phylogenet Evol 128, July 2018, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2018.07.019
  6. ↑ a b c d Niyaz Yoosuf, Natalya Yutin, Philippe Colson, Svetlana A. Shabalina, Isabelle Pagnier, Catherine Robert, Said Azza, Thomas Klose, Jimson Wong, Michael G. Rossmann, Bernard La Scola, Didier Raoult, Eugene V. Koonin : Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus Represents a Third Lineage of the Mimiviridae That Is Close to the Megavirus Lineage , in: Genome Biol. Evol., Volume 4, Issue 12, December 2012, pp. 1324-1330, doi: 10.1093 / gbe / evs109
  7. ↑ a b c Bernard La Scola, Angélique Campocasso, Rolande N'Dong, Ghislain Fournous, Lina Barrassi, Christophe Flaudrops, Didier Raoult: Tentative Characterization of New Environmental Giant Viruses by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry , in: Intervirology No. 53, June 2010, pp. 344-353, doi: 10.1159 / 000312919
  8. ↑ David M. Needham, Alexandra Z. Worden et al .: A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators , in: PNAS, 23 September 2019, doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1907517116 , ISSN 0027-8424 , here: Supplement 1 (xlsx)
  9. ↑ ICTV : Master Species List 2018b.v2 . Retrieved August 6, 2019. MSL # 34v
  10. ↑ NCBI: Wildcard search for * Moumou *
  11. ↑ Didier Raoult, Anthony Levasseur, Bernard La Scola: PCR Detection of Mimivirus, in: Emerging Infectious Diseases, June 2017, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 1044-1045, doi: https: //dx.doi.org /10.3201/eid2306.161896 , PDF
  12. ↑ UniProt: Taxonomy - Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus (SPECIES)
  13. ↑ NCBI: Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus
  14. ^ A b Virus host DB: Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus
  15. ↑ a b c d Natalya Yutin, Yuri I. Wolf, Eugene V. Koonin: Origin of giant viruses from smaller DNA viruses not from a fourth domain of cellular life , in: Virology Volumes 466–467, October 2014, p. 38– 52, doi: 10.1016 / j.virol.2014.06.032 - The authors differentiate between Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus, Moumouvirus, Moumouvirus Monve and Moumouvirus goulette
  16. ↑ a b Julien Guglielmini, Anthony C. Woo, Mart Krupovic, Patrick Forterre, Morgan Gaia: [1] , in: PNAS 116 (39), 10./24. September 2019, pp. 19585-19592, doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1912006116 , PMID 31506349 , Fig. 2
  17. ↑ NCBI: Saudi moumouvirus
  18. ↑ a b Leena H. Bajrai, Felipe L. de Assis, Esam I. Azhar, Priscilla Jardot, Catherine Robert, Jônatas Abrahão, Didier Raoult, Bernard La Scola: Saudi Moumouvirus, the First Group B Mimivirus Isolated from Asia , in: Front . Microbiol., December 20, 2016, doi: 10.3389 / fmicb.2016.02029
  19. ↑ The NCBI lists this representative under the species Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (i.e. in line A), but gives the work by Bajrai et al. (2016) who correctly refers to line B in the title " Saudi Moumouvirus, the First Group B Mimivirus Isolated from Asia ".
  20. ↑ a b Kaoutar Zineddine: Virophages et virus geants , Universite Mohammed V, Faculte de medicine et de pharmacie, Rabat, Morocco, thesis N o : 99, 201 (doctoral thesis, fr.)
  21. ↑ CAZy: Moumouvirus goulette
  22. ↑ Sailen Barik: A Family of Novel Cyclophilins, Conserved in the Mimivirus Genus of the Giant DNA Viruses , in: Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Volume 16, July 2018, pp. 231-236, doi: 10.1016 / j.csbj.2018.07 .001
  23. ↑ NCBI: Moumouvirus goulette (species)
  24. ↑ NCBI: Moumouvirus australiensis (Species)
  25. ↑ UniProt: Taxonomy - Moumouvirus australiensis (SPECIES)
  26. ↑ a b David C. Lamb, Alec H. Follmer, Jared V. Goldstone, David R. Nelson, Andrew G. Warrilow, Claire L. Price, Marie Y. True, Steven L. Kelly, Thomas L. Poulos, John J. Stegeman: On the occurrence of cytochrome P450 in viruses , in: PNAS 116 (25), June 2019, pp. 12343-12352, doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1901080116 , tab. 1
  27. ↑ NCBI: Moumou virus M10A (Species) - genus undetermined
  28. ↑ CAZy: Acanthamoeba polyphaga moumouvirus M10A - genus Mimivirus
  29. ↑ NCBI: Moumouvirus (Species) - genus undetermined
  30. ↑ UniProt: Moumouvirus (SPECIES) all lower nodes Moumouvirus - all lower nodes - genus indefinite
  31. ↑ NCBI: Moumouvirus moumou
  32. ↑ a b c Christelle Desnues, Bernard La Scola, Natalya Yutin, Ghislain Fournous, Catherine Robert, Saïd Azza, Priscilla Jardot, Sonia Monteil, Angélique Campocasso, Eugene V. Koonin, Didier Raoult: Provirophages and transpovirons as the diverse mobilome of giant viruses , in: PNAS 109 (44), October 30, 2012, pp. 18078-18083, doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1208835109
  33. ↑ Steven W. Wilhelm, Jordan T. Bird, Kyle S. Bonifer, Benjamin C. Calfee, Tian Chen, Samantha R. Coy, P. Jackson Gainer, Eric R. Gann, Huston T. Heatherly, Jasper Lee, Xiaolong Liang, Jiang Liu, April C. Armes, Mohammad Moniruzzaman, J. Hunter Rice, Joshua MA Stough, Robert N. Tams, Evan P. Williams, Gary R. LeCleir: A Student's Guide to Giant Viruses Infecting Small Eukaryotes: From Acanthamoeba to Zooxanthellae , in: Viruses 9 (3). 46, March 2017, doi: 10.3390 / v9030046 , PMC 5371801 (free full text), PMID 28304329 , [ https://mafiadoc.com/a-students-guide-to-giant-viruses-infecting-small-eukaryotes-mdpi_5994fa791723ddcb690db568. html inline PDF
  34. ↑ NCBI: Moumouvirus saoudian
  35. ↑ a b c d e Anthony Levasseur, Meriem Bekliz, Eric Chabrière, Pierre Pontarotti, Bernard La Scola, Didier Raoult: MIMIVIRE is a defense system in mimivirus that confers resistance to virophage, in: Nature Vol. 531, pp. 249-252 , March 10, 2016, doi: 10.1038 / nature17146 - Supplementary information (Tab. 2)
  36. ↑ NCBI: Moumouvirus Monve
  37. ↑ Cazy: Moumouvirus Monve
  38. ↑ Jônatas Abrahão, Lorena Silva, Ludmila Santos Silva, Jacques Yaacoub Bou Khalil, Rodrigo Rodrigues, Thalita Arantes, Felipe Assis, Paulo Boratto, Miguel Andrade, Erna Geessien Kroon, Bergmann Ribeiro, Ivan Bergier, Herve Seligmann, Eric Ghigo, Philippe Colson, Anthony Levasseur, Guido Kroemer, Didier Raoult, Bernard La Scola: Tailed giant Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere . In: Nature Communications . 9, No. 1, February 27, 2018. doi : 10.1038 / s41467-018-03168-1 .
  39. ↑ According to Abrahão et al. (2018), Fig. 4, this virus (species) could possibly with Moumouvirus extensive be used as the species Moumouvirus goulette .
  40. ↑ NCBI: Moumouvirus Ochan
  41. ↑ NCBI: Moumouvirus battle49
  42. ↑ NCBI: Moumouvirus boug1
  43. ↑ NCBI: Moumouvirus istres
  44. ↑ Jônatas Abrahão, Lorena Silva, Ludmila Santos Silva, Jacques Yaacoub Bou Khalil, Rodrigo Rodrigues, Thalita Arantes, Felipe Assis, Paulo Boratto, Miguel Andrade, Erna Geessien Kroon, Bergmann Ribeiro, Ivan Bergier, Herve Seligmann, Eric Ghigo, Philippe Colson, Anthony Levasseur, Guido Kroemer, Didier Raoult, Bernard La Scola: Tailed giant Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere . In: Nature Communications . 9, No. 1, February 27, 2018. doi : 10.1038 / s41467-018-03168-1 .
  45. ↑ Gaia M, Benamar S, Boughalmi M, Pagnier I, Croce O, Colson P, Raoult D, La Scola B: Zamilon, a Novel Virophage with Mimiviridae Host Specificity . In: PLOS ONE . 9, 2014, p. E94923. doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0094923 . PMID 24747414 . PMC 3991649 (free full text).

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