Muhre (Havel)

Muhre Muhrgraben
The Muhre at the tar stove
Data
location	Zehdenick-Spandauer Havelniederung Brandenburg
source	west of Oranienburg 52 ° 46 ′ 49 ″  N , 13 ° 11 ′ 23 ″  E
muzzle	as the Velten branch canal in the Havel Coordinates: 52 ° 39 '41 "  N , 13 ° 13' 8"  E 52 ° 39 '41 "  N , 13 ° 13' 8"  E
The Muhre at the tar stove

The Muhre , also called Muhrgraben , ( from “Modra” = Elbe Slavic for “the blue” ) is a brook in the Zehdenick-Spandau Havel lowlands in the north of Brandenburg .

River course

= Today's upper course (Moorgraben, Muhre) = Today separate lower course (Muhrgraben) = Earlier continuation into the Havelländisches Luch

Before the start of the great Luch melioration under King Friedrich Wilhelm I in 1718–1724 , the Muhre had a continuous and largely natural course with a large number of meanders in the upper and middle reaches. The source area and mouth of the original stream can no longer be reconstructed beyond doubt. Its north-south course can be traced parallel to the Havel from the Hohe Bruch or from the Sarnow forest area northwest of Oranienburg , through the Leege Bruch to the Staritz forest area northwest Spandau . In the area of ​​today's Berlin city and state border ( Eiskeller ) there was a 90 ° turn to the west. After the passage from Alt Brieselang , the traces of the Ur-Muhre north of Nauen are lost in the vastness of the Havelländischer Luchs . As a result of extensive renovation and canal construction work , the Muhre is now completely canalized. Since the Velten harbor was built in 1910/11, it has been divided into two separate rivers. There is no longer any direct connection between the upper and lower reaches.

Upper course: Moor trench

Since the late 19th century, as in the current digital topographic map, the upper reaches of the upper reaches have been entered as a moat , colloquially often referred to as the Muhre . The water lists of the Brandenburg State Environment Agency name it like the lower Muhrgraben . It begins in the Oranienburg- Tiergarten settlement area south of the Ruppiner Canal . It flows between Leegebruch and Pinnow through a trench system extending to the Havel, to which u. a. the so-called Dossgraben belongs. Ultimately, it flows into the Velten harbor and from there through the Velten branch canal into the Havel . Statistically, the branch canal is calculated with the Muhrgraben .

Data:
Water code	58194
Catchment area	48.8 km²
overall length	16.76 km
from that:
Federal waterway	3.228 km
Second order waters	13.533 km

With an area-typical discharge rate of 4.50 l / s · km², a mean discharge (MQ) of 0.22 m³ per second is to be expected. This is around 19 million liters of water per day.

Lower course: Muhrgraben

The lower reaches, usually referred to as Muhrgraben , starts in the Velten- Hohenschöpping area, southwest of the Velten branch canal. It is fed from the Glien by the Siebgraben and from the Mittelbruch by the Rieslakengraben. In a culvert it crosses under the Havel Canal , before it flows northeast of the Schönwalde settlement into the Nieder Neuendorfer Canal , via which it drains into the Havel Canal. For the Niederneuendorfer Canal, which has not received an inflow from the Oberhavel since 1961, the Muhrgraben now forms, as it were, the upper course. The Muhrgraben contributes more than half of its catchment area of ​​101 km².

Data:
Water code	585242
Catchment area	59.99 km²
length	16.76 km	all waters of the second order

Surname

The name Moder or Muder is documented for the entire course of the Muhre in the 18th century . The phonetic redesign in Muhr or Muhre is explained by the loss of the intervowel d in the Brandenburg dialect.

A branch that flowed into the Havel near Pinnow south of Oranienburg was called Dosse ( Lehnitzer Dosse) , which was partially transferred to the entire upper course. Other traditional or reconstructed forms of the name in this section are Dossow, Massow (e) and Malsow. The Lehnitzer Dosse must not be confused with the Dosse river in Prignitz and Ruppin .

Johann Christoph Bekmann mentions Muhre and Dosse in the first volume of his work Historical Description of the Chur and Mark Brandenburg , published in 1751 , in connection with the description of the course of the Havel: This flows "... on Oranienburg, all where it leads to Pinnow with a bridge is occupied, a ditch coming from the Schweizergraben called the Dosse or Muhre, and so on Spandow, which fortress surrounds it by means of the given arms and makes it unconquerable, by means of the Spree, which it takes by the Stresoischen Gate , but soon make an arm of the Kreuel called ... " .

Some historians and linguists are discussing the name Peene for the presumed historical lower course of the Muhre, the traces of which are lost northwest of Nauen in the Havelländisches Luch (called "Langer Peen moor" or "Lange Peen Moer" in some historical documents) . Due to the lack of reliable older sources, however, this discussion must be viewed as speculative for the time being. The Havelland Peene reconstructed in this way would again have to be distinguished from the Pomeranian Peene .

history

The area at the Muhre was already settled in Slavic times. On islands in the Muhre there was a smaller early Slavic rampart southeast of Leegebruch and a larger one, the so-called Bussenwall, northeast of Nauen , west of Alt Brieselang .

In the second half of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century, the upper reaches of the Muhre formed west of today Oranienburg the border between the already under the bear Albrecht under askanische coming in territories of the Havel country and at that time still under Pomeranian standing influence areas of the Barnim . This is evidenced by the mention of "Massow" in the Merseburg comparison of 1238, in which the border between the old and the new lands of the Diocese of Brandenburg is described.

Later, the same section of the Muhre formed the border between the Havelländisches and from 1660 to 1816 the Glien-Löwenberg district and the Niederbarnim district.

literature

• Fritz Curschmann : About the course of the Massowe. In: The Diocese of Brandenburg - Investigations into the historical geography and constitutional history of an East German colonial diocese. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1906, pp. 385-388.
• Hans Siemon: The cultivation and settlement of the Havelländisches and Rhinluches. Paul Parey publishing house, Berlin 1925.
• Heinz-Dieter Krausch : The water conditions around Bötzow in the Middle Ages and the course of the border between the Old and New Lands. In: Yearbook for Brandenburg State History . Volume 41, 1990, pp. 69-75.
• Hermann Wille: The older Rhinlauf. In: Brandenburgia . Volume 50, 1942, pp. 66–70.
• Manfred Kluger: On the prehistory and early history of the Nauen district (eastern Havelland), Part IV: The early Slavic period (around 600 to after 800 oc). In: Walks through the Nauen district . Issue 5, 1988, pp. 60-71, along with a map.
• Max Rehberg: The Muhre landscape and its history. In: Edener Mitteilungen . Volume 26, 1931, No. 6 (pp. 82–84) and 7 (pp. 102–105).