Muralt (noble family)

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Muralt coat of arms (Bern branch)

Muralt is the name of a Swiss Uradelsgeschlechts from the Ticino and Lombardy , named after his estate Muralto in Ticino, whose regular series with dominus Gaffus de Muralto begins, the order in 1182 by Bishop Anselm of Como with land in Locarno invested was and still between 1203 and Is mentioned in a document in 1219.

For religious reasons, the family emigrated to Zurich in 1555 , and in 1570 a branch went to Bern , where from 1684 it belonged to the Small Council of the City and Republic of Bern and thus to the Bern patriciate .

history

Together with the Orelli and Magoria families , this family formed the corporation of the Capetanei dei nobili di Locarno , which as such was officially granted imperial immediacy by Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa on June 27, 1186 in Giubiasco . The von Muralt were thus imperial vassals, but at the same time also vassals of the bishop of Como , from whom they received the towers of Muralto (near Locarno ) as fiefs around 1190 . Today only ruins remain of the residential towers .

In the 15th century, Franciscus de Muralto was a doctor for the judicial district of Locarno, his son Laurentius († before 1532) was the personal doctor of the Duke of Milan from the Sforza family . While Giovanni Galeazzo de Muralto († 1557), Archpriest of Locarno since 1528 , defended the Catholic Church at the Disputation of Locarno in 1549, several family members joined the Reformation at the same time and therefore had to leave their home Locarno in 1555 and emigrate to Zurich. where they were received.

"Haus zum Mohrenkopf" on Neumarkt in Zurich

Dominus Dr. jur. utr. Martinus de Muralto (1521–1566) had studied law in Pavia and was named Podestà (mayor) of Vigevano and Luino from 1548 to 1550 . Under the influence of the reformer Giovanni Beccaria in Locarno, he converted to the reformed faith. In order to keep his new faith, he had to leave his home with the Reformed in 1555 and flee to Zurich . There he acquired the “Haus zum Mohrenkopf” on Neumarkt, invested part of his fortune in Pariso Appiano's velvet weaving and silk dyeing and was the elder of the Italian-speaking community. Muralto and other people from this community made Zurich the center of the textile trade with Como , Bergamo , Venice , Milan and Lyon . Giovanni de Muralto (Johannes von Muralt) (1500–1576) had joined him; He was a surgeon and surgeon and on January 31, 1566 became the first Locarno citizen of Zurich and city doctor. The Zürcher von Muralt descend from him. His descendants, including his grandson Johannes (1577–1645), were mostly merchants and councilors, but also doctors and pastors and belonged to the wealthy middle class.

Martin's son Hans Ludwig von Muralt , also a surgeon and surgeon, became a citizen of Bern on March 30, 1570 . From 1594 until the fall of the Republic of Bern in 1798 and during the Swiss Restoration from 1813 to 1831, the family sat on the Grand Council , which was the sovereign ruler of the State of Bern (see: History of the Canton of Bern ). In addition, the family had been on the Small Council of the City and Republic of Bern almost continuously since 1684 and thus belonged to the Bern patriciate . The family owned properties in what is now the cantons of Bern and Vaud .

The family belongs to the Swiss nobility . A descendant of the Bernese tribe, the royal Dutch major general Abraham von Muralt (1783-1859), was accepted into the Dutch nobility on November 12, 1840. Hans Conrad von Muralt (1760–1841), landlord of Bromskirchen and grand ducal Hessian major, and his descendants belong to the Hessian nobility. Denyse Henriette de Muralt (1923–2005) from Basel married Friedrich Josias Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , the boss of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , in 1948 .

coat of arms

In silver a red castle with two tin towers , accompanied by four (1, 2, 1) red lilies . On the helmet with red and silver blankets a growing virgin in a gold dress with a red collar, cuffs and belt, long blond hair and a gold-tipped red cap; in the right the castle, in the left a golden (or silver) lance with a red pennant and silver tassel as well as a red shield on the helmet , in it a golden sun over a green (or silver) three-mountain (rock) .

The Zurich branch leads a red castle gate in silver , accompanied by four (1, 2, 1) golden lilies. The gate on the helmet with red and silver covers .

people

Bern branch

Zurich branch

See also

literature

  • Edgar Bonjour :  Muralt, from. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , p. 602 ( digitized version ).
  • Martin Illi: Muralt. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . September 2, 2010 , accessed January 19, 2020 .
  • Manuel Kehrli: The Muralt table grave in the monastery church , in: Simon Teuscher ea (Hrsg.): Königsfelden. Königsmord, Kloster und Klinik , Baden 2012, p. 202.
  • Eduard von Muralt: The Capitaneen or Cattaneen of Locarno and their descendants named by the Castle Muralto in Zurich and Bern , Zurich 1855
  • H. Schulthess: Pictures from the past of the von Muralt family in Zurich. , Zurich 1944
  • Leopold von Muralt, H. Morf: Family tree of the von Muralt family in Zurich , 1926, with additions from 1976 (Zurich) and 1995 (Geneva)
  • M. von Moos: Family History Bibliography of Switzerland , Volume 1, 1994, 365 f.
  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon, Volume IX, p. 295, Volume 116 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1998, ISBN 3-7980-0816-7
  • HC Peyer: The Muralt silk company on the Sihl , 1966
  • Mark Taplin: The Italian Reformers and the Zurich Church, c. 1540-1620 , St. Andrews Studies in Reformation History, Routledge, 2017, ISBN 978-1-35188-729-8
  • Leo Weisz : The economic importance of the Ticino religious refugees for German Switzerland. Report house, Zurich 1958, pp. 134–164: Muralt companies
  • General Helvetic, Federal or Swiss Lexicon, Volume 13, p.450ff

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Codex dipl. Capitaneorum Locarnensium , p. 9, in: Johann Friedrich Böhmer : Acta imperii selecta , Volume 1, p. 147, No. 155
  2. ↑ Rudolf Pfister: For the sake of faith. The Protestant refugees from Locarno and their admission to Zurich in 1555. Evangelischer Verlag, Zollikon 1955, p. 123
  3. ↑ On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation in 2017 , the theologian Paul Steinmann developed a theater project to which Stefano Nicastro contributed the music and Remo Sangiorgio directed. The bilingual game about the exile of the Reformed community of Locarno is called l'espulsione - the expulsion and is also based on the writing Taddeo Duno: From the persecution of the Locarnesi from 1602; see also: Paul Steinmann: l'espulsione - Una pièce sull'esilio della communità dei riformati locarnesi nel 1555. The expulsion - A game about the exile of the Reformed community of Locarno in 1555 , Associazione R500 ( Memento of October 10, 2017 in Internet Archive )
  4. ^ Daniela Pauli Falconi: Martino Muralto. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . February 5, 2009 , accessed July 3, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Rudolf Pfister: For the sake of faith. The Protestant refugees from Locarno and their admission to Zurich in 1555. Evangelischer Verlag, Zollikon 1955, p. 135
  6. ^ Martin Illi: Johannes Muralt. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . September 2, 2010 , accessed July 3, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Rudolf Pfister : For the sake of faith. The Protestant refugees from Locarno and their admission to Zurich in 1555. Evangelischer Verlag, Zollikon 1955, pp. 135–136
  8. ^ Mark Taplin: The Italian Reformers and the Zurich Church, c. 1540-1620 , St. Andrews Studies in Reformation History, Routledge, 2017, ISBN 978-1-35188-729-8