Pink-leaved helmling
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Pink-leaved helmling ( Mycena galericulata ) |
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| Mycena galericulata | ||||||||||||
| Scop. Gray |
The Rosablättrige Helmling ( Mycena galericulata ) is a fungus - kind from the family of Helmling relatives (Mycenaceae). The tufted, pale brownish-gray fruiting bodies are quite strong for the genus and have slightly hunched hats and stiff, cartilaginous stems. The lamellae are often tinged with pink and the blade edges have clubbed, brush-like cystids . The fungus appears on rotten hardwood or coniferous wood between May and December. This helmling is occasionally used as an edible mushroom by connoisseurs.
features
Macroscopic features
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The fruit bodies, which are large and strong for the genus, usually grow in tufts on wood and have a 2–6 (–8) cm wide hat . This is conical-bell-shaped when young, later arched, but never completely shielded. He has a broad hump at the top of his hat. The bare and matt surface is radially grooved or grooved up to the hump. The hat is light brownish, pale grayish brown to whitish, the edge is lighter, the hump is slightly darker in color.
The narrow lamellae are attached to the stem. They are bulbous and not very close, but are mixed with intermediate lamellae. The initially whitish to light gray lamellae are often overlaid with pink later. At the bottom they are wrinkled or connected with cross veins. The cutting edges are smooth to serrated. The spore powder is light cream in color.
The hollow, stiff stem is 4-8 (17) cm long and 0.2-0.7 cm wide. It is smooth and shiny gray or brownish in color. As usual, the tip of the stem is mostly lighter in color, almost whitish in color and the stem base, which is often somewhat spindle-shaped, appears to be more or less white, "curly hairy" due to the tearing of the many fine mycelial strands when pulled out of the woody substrate.
The thin, tough meat is white-gray and smells like radish to flour, young fruit bodies can also smell slightly cucumber-like. The meat tastes mild and slightly floury.
Microscopic features
The smooth, elliptical spores are 9–11 µm long and 7–9 µm wide. They are amyloid and translucent. The basidia measure 34–40 × 7–9 µm and are usually two-pored.
The clubbed to heady cheilocystidia on the sterile blade edges are numerous and measure 32–40 × 8–12 µm. The tip or the entire, elongated end bears several finger-like outgrowths, which can also be somewhat branched with age. The cheilocystids therefore appear brush-shaped. The pleurocystids are not further differentiated. The lamellar trama consists of more or less parallel hyphae that turn wine-brown in color in iodine solution.
Species delimitation
The helmeted are often very similar and can usually not be determined with certainty without a microscope. The somewhat smaller and usually somewhat darker winter helmling ( Mycena tintinabulum ), which grows from November to March, is very similar . It smells earthy and musty, the spore powder is inamyloid and the basidia are always four-pore.
ecology
The fungus occurs in all local forests and forests, provided they are not too dry. It is particularly common in forests that are dominated by beech , oak or spruce , as the wood of these trees is its preferred food. The Helmling can also be found in parks, orchards and gardens.
It is a very adaptable, unspecific deciduous and coniferous wood dweller that lives on trees that are still alive, but mostly already dead, and that break through the bark of the trunks as they grow in clumps. Much more often, however, it is found on lying, predominantly medium to thick trunks, stumps or stumps. It also occurs on buried wood and larger dead roots. Both deciduous and coniferous trees can serve as a substrate. In addition to red beech, oak and spruce, it can also grow on the wood of alder , birch , hornbeam , linden , maple , hazelnut , ash and on the wood of other deciduous trees. It also grows on silver firs and pines and other conifers.
The mushroom can be found all year round. Fresh fruiting bodies usually appear in several batches from early May to late October. In areas with a mild climate or with correspondingly favorable weather conditions, the fruit grains can also grow from the end of March or until the end of November. The fungus occurs in both flat and mountainous regions. In higher altitudes, above 800 m above sea level, however, it becomes less common.
distribution
The Helmling is widespread almost worldwide. He has been in New Zealand, Australia, India. Pakistan and South America detected. In addition, it is distributed as a Holarctic species in the entire northern hemisphere. In Europe it can be found from the Mediterranean region to the boreal, partly also sub-arctic regions of Northern Europe. It was found in North Asia (Caucasus, Central Asia, West and East Siberia, Japan), North America (USA. Canada), the Canary Islands, North Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) and Europe. In Europe, it was found throughout southern Europe from the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Italy to Southeastern Europe (Romania, Ukraine). In the west, its distribution area extends from France, over the Benelux countries to Great Britain and there northwards to the Hebrides. It occurs all over Central Europe (Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Hungary, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland). In Eastern Europe it is widespread in Belarus and Russia and reaches the Urals in the east. In the northeast it is common in the Baltic States and in the north in all of Fennoscandinavia and Iceland. In Sweden and Finland it occurs northwards to Lapland. The species is also widespread throughout Germany and Austria and is common everywhere.
Systematics
The Rosablättrige Helmling is the type of the genus Mycena . The species has been formally validated several times in Europe and America, so there are a large number of synonyms. Some taxa previously described as varieties or subspecies are now considered to be separate species:
- Mycena galericulata subsp. latifolia ( Peck ) Sacc. = Broad-leaved Helmling ( Mycena latifolia )
- Mycena galericulata var. Parabolica ( Fr. ) P. Kumm. = Mycena parabolica
- Mycena galericulata var. Calopus (Fr.) P. Karst. = Stalked Helmling ( Mycena inclinata )
Inquiry systematics
Within the Helminge genus, the rose-leaved Helmling is placed in the Mycena section. The section contains medium to large and relatively thick-fleshed species that often grow in tufts. The hat is initially frosted, then smooth and sometimes looks almost greasy. The cartilaginous stalk is hollow but firm, and the stalk base is often hairy. The spores are shaped like apple kernels and are mostly amyloid. The cheilocystids are brush-like and have more or less branched outgrowths. The lamellar trama is dextrinoid , which means that it turns wine-red with iodine solutions.
Subspecies and varieties
A whole series of color and shape variants have been described, but they are probably not of any taxonomic relevance. The Mycena galericulata var. Albida Gillet variety is quite common . It is a mushroom that is white in all parts, only the hat can sometimes have very pale brownish tones. The floury taste and the slightly gristly stem are typical.
meaning
The mushroom is considered both edible and occasionally inedible.
literature
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Mycena galericulata. (Scop.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 619 (1821). In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved December 6, 2011 .
- ↑ a b c d Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 184 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 92 .
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , pp. 447-448.
- ↑ Alexander H. Smith: North American species of Mycena. Ed .: Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library. 1947, p. 347 f . (English, online ).
- ↑ a b Alain Gerault: FLORULE EVOLUTIVE DES BASIDIOMYCOTINA DU FINISTERE . Heterobasidiomycetes / Tricholomatales. 2005, p. 35–36 ( online [PDF; 2.7 MB ; accessed on December 6, 2011]).
Web links
- Arne Aronsen: Mycena galericulata. A key to the Mycenas of Norway. In: Mycena Page / home.online.no. Retrieved December 7, 2011 .