Myoporum

Myoporum
	Myoporum sandwicense , flowers with radial symmetry and young fruits
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Figwort family (Scrophulariaceae)
Tribe :	Myoporeae
Genre :	Myoporum
Scientific name
	Myoporum
	Sol. ex G.Forst.

Myoporum is a genus of plants withinthe figwort family (Scrophulariaceae). The 28 to 30 species have an Indo-Pacific distribution; the center of biodiversity is Australia , three species occur in New Zealand , there is one species each in Southeast Asia , Micronesia , Mauritius and some Pacific islands (e.g. Hawaii). Some species are used as ornamental plants or wind protection, for example as hedges.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Myoporum species grow as shrubs or small trees . The resinous , vegetative parts of the plant are mostly bald or rarely finely haired.

The alternate or rarely to constantly arranged on the branches leaves are sessile, but the leaf blades narrowing itself to Spreitenbasis back often leaf stalk-like. The simple leaf blades are elliptical to obovate, lanceolate or spatulate and dotted with glands, depending on the species. The leaf margin is smooth or serrated. There are no stipules .

Five-fold bloom of Myoporum laetum

Generative characteristics

One to twelve flowers stand together in the leaf axils. The hermaphroditic flowers are more or less radial symmetry and rarely four or mostly five-fold with a double flower envelope . The four or five more or less equal sepals are free or only fused at their base. The four or five white or sometimes slightly pink, sometimes spotted petals are fused to form a bell-shaped corolla tube, which is usually shorter than the corolla lobes. The more or less equally large corolla lobes are spread out, sometimes they are weakly two-lipped. The mostly four stamens inserted in the corolla tube stand together in pairs of unequal length and only sometimes protrude slightly above the corolla throat. The anthers are kidney-shaped. Two carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown, which is usually zweikammerig or vierkammerig by partitions, rarely with more chambers. There is only one or two ovules per ovary chamber . The stylus is more or less straight.

The stone fruit- like fruits are more or less dry and flattened on the sides.

Systematics

Branch with leaves and fruits of Myoporum laetum

Habitus of a blooming Myoporum floribundum

Foliage leaves and ripe fruit of Myoporum montanum

Branch with leaves and five-fold, radial symmetry flowers of Myoporum parvifolium

Five-fold, radial symmetry flowers of Myoporum sandwicense subsp. sandwicense

Myoporum wilderi - endemic to Mangaia (Cook Islands)

The genus Myoporum was established in 1786 by Daniel Solander in Georg Forster : Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus , p. 44. Type species is Myoporum laetum G.Forst. The generic name Myoporum is derived from the Greek words myo for closed and poros for pore, this refers to the closed effect of the leaf glands. Synonyms for Myoporum Sol. ex G. Forst. are: Andreusia Vent. , Disoon A.DC. , Pogonia Andrews nom. illegal.

The genus Myoporum belongs to the tribe Myoporeae within the family Scrophulariaceae . It was formerly part of a Myoporaceae Benth family . posed. There are 28 to 30 Myoporum typologies:

Myoporum acuminatum R.Br. : It is common in the Australian states of eastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland .

Myoporum bateae F. Muell. : It occurs only in the Australian state of New South Wales.

Myoporum betcheanum L.S.Sm. : It is common in the Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales.

Myoporum boninense Koidz. : There have been two subspecies since 2007:

Myoporum boninense subsp. australe Chinnock (Syn .: Pogonia glabra Andrews , Andreusia glabra (Andrews) Vent. , Myoporum tenuifolium var. glabrum (Andrews) Domin , Myoporum ellipticum R.Br. nom. illeg., Myoporum acuminatum var. ellipticum Benth. , Myoporum tenuifolium var . ellipticum (Benth.) Domin ): It is common in the Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales.
Myoporum boninense Koidz. subsp. boninense : It occurs in the Mariana Islands on the islands of Pagan , Saipan , Tinian , Rota and Guam . It thrives on the cliffs by the ocean, mostly on limestone.

Myoporum brevipes Benth. : It is common in Australia.

Myoporum caprarioides Benth. : It is common in Australia.

Myoporum cordifolium (F.Muell.) Druce : It is common in Australia.

Myoporum crassifolium G. Forst. : It occurs on New Caledonia and the loyalty islands belongingto it.

Myoporum degeneri (GLWebster) O.Deg & I.Deg. (Syn .: Myoporum sandwicense var. Degeneri G.L.Webster ): This rare and endangered species thrives on rocky slopes only in eastern Maui .

Myoporum floribundum A. Cunn. ex Benth. : It is common in Australia.

Myoporum insulare R.Br. : It is common in the Australian states of southeastern New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, southern Western Australia and Tasmania .

Myoporum laetum G.Forst. (Syn .: Myoporum tenuifolium auct.): It occurs on the New Zealand North and South Island and on the Chatham Islands .

Myoporum mauritianum A.DC. : It is the only species found on islands in the Indian Ocean and only on Mauritius and Rodrigues . It is considered rare and endangered.

Myoporum montanum R.Br. : It is common in Australia.

Myoporum obscurum Endl. : It is common in Australia.

Myoporum oppositifolium R.Br. : It is common in Australia.

Myoporum parvifolium R.Br. : It is common in the Australian states of southwestern New South Wales, southeastern South Australia, western Victoria and on Flinders Island which belongs to Tasmania.

Myoporum petiolatum Chinnock : It is common in Australia.

Myoporum platycarpum R.Br. : It is common in the Australian states of New South Wales, in southeast Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and in southern Western Australia.

Myoporum rapense F Brown : There are two subspecies:

Myoporum rapense subsp. kermadecense (WRSykes) Chinnock (Syn .: Myoporum kermadecense Sykes ): It is endemic to the Kermadec Islands belonging to New Zealand .
Myoporum rapense F Brown subsp. rapense : It is endemic to the French Polynesia island of Rapa Iti . It was rated "Least Concern" = "not at risk" by the IUCN in 1998 . The bare tree has a fragrant wood.

Myoporum rimatarense F.Brown : It is endemic on the Tubuai Islands in French Polynesia belonging Island Rimatara .

Myoporum sandwicense A.Gray : There have been two subspecies since 2007.

Myoporum sandwicense A. Gray subsp. sandwicense : It is found on many of the islands of Hawaii .
Myoporum sandwicense subsp. lanaiense (Webster) Chinnock : It is endemic to Lana'i Island .

Myoporum semotum Heenan & de Lange : It is endemic to the Chatham Islands, which are part of New Zealand.

Myoporum stellatum (GLWebster) O.Deg & I.Deg. (Syn .: Myoporum sandwicense var. Stellatum G.L.Webster ): This rare and endangered species thrives on rocky slopes only on the southwest corner of Oʻahu .

Myoporum stokesii F. Brown : It is endemic to the Raivavae Island,which is part of the Tubuai Islands in French Polynesia . It was rated “Critically Endangered”in 1998 by the IUCN .

Myoporum tenuifolium G. Forst. : It is endemic to the Loyalty Islands belonging to New Caledonia.

Myoporum tetrandrum (Labill.) Domin : It occurs only in the southwestern part of the Australian state of Western Australia .

Myoporum turbinatum Chinnock : It occurs only in the Australian state of Western Australia.

Myoporum velutinum Chinnock : It occurs only in the Australian state of Western Australia.

Myoporum viscosum R.Br. : It occurs only in the Australian state of South Australia .

Myoporum wilderi Skottsb : It is endemic to Mangaia Island,part of the Cook Islands .

No longer to the genus Myoporum , but to the monotypic genus Pentacoelium Siebold & Zucc, which was reactivated in 2007 . heard:

Myoporum bontioides (Siebold & Zucc.) A. Gray → Pentacoelium bontioides Siebold & Zucc. : It occurs on the coasts of southeast China, Taiwan, northern Vietnam and southern Japan.

swell

Robert James Chinnock: Eremophila and allied genera: A monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae. Rosenberg Publishing, 2007, ISBN 978-1-877058-16-5 ( Myoporum pp. 95-159 in the Google book search).
Robert James Chinnock: Myoporum at New South Wales Flora online .
PS Green: Flora of Australia , Volume 49, 1994, Myoporaceae. : Entry with the Flora of Australia .
F. Raymond Fosberg, Marie-Helene Sachet, Royce L. Oliver: Flora of Micronesia , Volume 5 - Bignoniaceae-Rubiaceae. , 1993: Myoporum pp. 43-44: full text PDF.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ RJ Chinnock: Myoporum at New South Wales Flora online .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ PSGreen: Flora of Australia , Volume 49, 1994, Myoporaceae. : Entry with the Flora of Australia .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h F. Raymond Fosberg, Marie-Helene Sachet, Royce L. Oliver: Flora of Micronesia , Volume 5 - Bignoniaceae-Rubiaceae. , 1993: Myoporum pp. 43-44: full text PDF.
↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
^ Myoporum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 4, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Myoporum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u data sheet Myoporum at Australian Plant Name Index = APNI . Retrieved June 4, 2014
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Robert James Chinnock: Eremophila and allied genera: A monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae. Rosenberg Publishing, 2007, ISBN 978-1-877058-16-5 ( Myoporum pp. 95-159 in the Google book search).
↑ ^a ^b Myoporum at New Zealand Plant Conservation Network . Retrieved June 4, 2014
↑ Myoporum rapense in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013 Posted by: J. Florence, 1998. Retrieved on June 4, 2014.
↑ Myoporum rimatarense in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013 Posted by: J. Florence, 1998. Retrieved on June 4, 2014.
↑ Myoporum stokesii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013 Posted by: J. Florence, 1998. Retrieved on June 4, 2014.

Web links

Commons : Myoporum - collection of images, videos and audio files

Entries about Myoporum in Plants For A Future

[NSWFo-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ RJ Chinnock: Myoporum at New South Wales Flora online .

[FloraAustralia-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ PSGreen: Flora of Australia , Volume 49, 1994, Myoporaceae. : Entry with the Flora of Australia .

[FloraMicronesia-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h F. Raymond Fosberg, Marie-Helene Sachet, Royce L. Oliver: Flora of Micronesia , Volume 5 - Bignoniaceae-Rubiaceae. , 1993: Myoporum pp. 43-44: full text PDF.

[biodiversitylibrary-4] First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .

[Tropicos-5] Myoporum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 4, 2014.

[GRIN-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Myoporum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 4, 2014.

[APNI-7] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u data sheet Myoporum at Australian Plant Name Index = APNI . Retrieved June 4, 2014

[Chinnock2007-8] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Robert James Chinnock: Eremophila and allied genera: A monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae. Rosenberg Publishing, 2007, ISBN 978-1-877058-16-5 ( Myoporum pp. 95-159 in the Google book search).

[NZPCN-9] Myoporum at New Zealand Plant Conservation Network . Retrieved June 4, 2014

[IUCNrapense-10] Myoporum rapense in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013 Posted by: J. Florence, 1998. Retrieved on June 4, 2014.

[IUCNrimatarense-11] Myoporum rimatarense in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013 Posted by: J. Florence, 1998. Retrieved on June 4, 2014.

[IUCNstokesii-12] Myoporum stokesii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013 Posted by: J. Florence, 1998. Retrieved on June 4, 2014.