Isiboro-Secure national park and indigenous reserve
| Indigenous protected area and Isiboro-Secure National Park | |||
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| Location: | Bolivia | ||
| Surface: | 12363 km² | ||
| Founding: | 11/22/1965 | ||
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The Isiboro-Secure indigenous reserve and national park (Territorio Indígena y parque nacional Isiboro Sécure, TIPNIS) is a nature reserve in Bolivia . It was established as a national park by means of DS 7401 on November 22, 1965 and declared an indigenous territory on September 24, 1990. This was a consequence of the struggles of indigenous peoples in the region for their land. It is around 12,363 km² (1,236,296 hectares) and protects part of the biologically highly diverse Bolivian Yunga . Today the land belongs to three indigenous groups (Yuracaré, Moxeño and Chimán) and is under their administration.
The area is east of La Paz on the edge of the Amazon rainforest . It is located between the Beni Department ( Moxos Province ) and the Cochabamba Department ( Chapare Province ). The associated municipalities are San Ignacio de Moxos , Loreto en el Beni, Villa Tunari and Orochata in Cochabamba.
geography
climate
The climate varies depending on the altitude from cold and temperate in the highlands to warm in the lowlands. The annual mean temperature is between 15 ° C (in the mountains), 32 ° C (in the central wooded lowlands) and 25 ° C in the pampas of Moxos in the north.
The annual rainfall also varies depending on the location: in the north it can be 1900 mm (confluence of the Río Isiboro and Río Secure ) and 3500 mm in the southeast near Puerto Patino. In 80% of the area, the annual rainfall varies between 2000 mm and 3000 mm. In the winter months, cold air ingress from the south can occur, which leads to a decrease in the amount of rain.
Altitude gradient
The Isiboro-Secure National Park is located at altitudes between 180 and 3000 meters. The average altitude is 300 to 400 meters. The south and the west are mountainous with steep slopes and include the Serranía de Mosetenes and the Serranía Sejeruma as offshoots of the eastern Voranden chains .
River system
The area lies in the catchment area of the Mamoré and one of its most important tributaries, the Río Sécure , into which the Río Isiboro flows. The Sécure is north and the Isiboro south of the TIPNIS and both are navigable. The Río Ichoa flows into the Isiboro and crosses the TIPNIS. The Isiboro, Sécure and Ichoa rivers are the main axes of transport and communication in the region.
Flora and fauna
402 plant species were recorded in the national park, including tree species such as stone slices ( Podocarpus spec.), A walnut tree species ( Juglans boliviana ), the Cedrela species Cedrela lilloi and West Indian cedrel ( Cedrela odorata ) and palm species, for example Euterpe precatoria , Geonoma deversa , Dictyocaryum lamarckianum and the Buriti palm ( Mauritia flexuosa ).
The fauna is also very diverse, 714 species have been recorded. The area is also home to rare species such as spectacled bear ( Tremarctos ornatus ), jaguar ( Panthera onca ), giant otter ( Pteronura brasiliensis ) and harpy eagle ( Harpia harpyja ).
Laguna Bolivia
The laguna Bolivia is a particularly suitable place for wildlife viewing and can be reached by boat in the rainy season . In the dry season you can get there from the municipalities of Dulce Nombre or Limoncito.
Planned road construction
The Bolivian President Evo Morales and his then Brazilian counterpart Lula da Silva had resumed old plans in 2009 for the construction of the Ruta 24 highway , which was supposed to connect the Amazon lowlands with the mountainous region. This road should make a contribution to the economic development of Bolivia and facilitate the transport of goods from the east of Bolivia and from Brazil to the Pacific. However, the middle route of the road would have cut through the TIPNIS. According to critics, this would have created easier access to the national park for illegal loggers, oil companies and farmers doing shifting cultivation . The road would have threatened the rainforest and the traditionally living people of TIPNIS. A report by the Bolivian Road Construction Authority (ABC) assumed that the construction would only affect deforestation by 0.03% annually. The government even argued that the road was an important tool to fight illegal logging in TIPNIS.
The construction of the road was decided without the necessary environmental assessment and without prior consultation with the residents of the park. In 2010 the indigenous people were able to achieve a one-year delay. In 2011 the first third of the road was approved and the first construction work began. With the start of a protest march by the indigenous peoples on August 15, 2011 in the direction of La Paz, the three peoples of TIPNIS resisted any route that would cut through their territory. On September 25, security forces violently dismantled a camp set up during the protest march near Yucumo , leaving numerous injuries. President Morales then not only condemned the police action, but also decided to hold talks, a referendum and the road to be stopped.
In the first days of October, at the instigation of the ruling party MAS, a law was passed in which the special ecological importance of the TIPNIS area is emphasized as well as the protection of the indigenous peoples living there. The TIPNIS Protection Act enshrines an absolute prohibition of interference in Article 3: "It is decreed that neither the Villa Tunari-San Ignacio de Moxos road nor any other road cross the indigenous territory and the Isiboro Sécure National Park." Article 1 explains the size of the area Jamaica's "untouchable zone". On November 27, 2011, the protection of the region was specified in another law, above all the future use of the TIPNIS region.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from August 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from August 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ telesur.tv: Indígenas bolivianos persisten en rechazar construcción de vía que genera impacto forestal de 0.03 por ciento ( Memento of the original from 23 May 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ https://www.regenwald.org/mailalert/740/solidaritat-mit-bolivien-indigene-demonstrieren-gegen-strasse-im-regenwald
- ↑ Amnesty International: Bolivia , Amnesty Report 2012.
- ↑ Law for the protection of the TIPNIS park in Bolivia passed In: Portal amerika21.de October 12, 2011
- ↑ Everyone loves TIPNIS In: Junge Welt. October 25, 2011
- ^ Agreement on another TIPNIS law in Bolivia In: Portal amerika21.de November 29, 2011
Web links
- Isiboro-Sécure National Park and Indigenous Territory ( English )
- Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica del TIPNIS detailed maps (PDF; 3.7 MB) ( Spanish )