Sodium phosphinate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Sodium phosphinate
other names	Sodium hypophosphite
Molecular formula	NaH 2 PO 2
Brief description	white solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	231-669-9
ECHA InfoCard	100,028,791
PubChem	101614877
ChemSpider	21241942
Wikidata	Q2090740
properties
Molar mass	87.96 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.77 g cm −3
Melting point	310 ° C (decomposition of the monohydrate)
solubility	easily in water (744 g l −1 at 20 ° C); soluble in ethanol;
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances	no GHS pictograms
	no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases	H: no H-phrases
	P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data	7640 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral )
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Sodium phosphinate is an inorganic chemical compound of sodium from the group of phosphinates .

Extraction and presentation

Sodium phosphinate can be obtained by reacting white phosphorus with caustic soda .

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {P_ {4} +3 \ NaOH + 3 \ H_ {2} O \ longrightarrow 3 \ NaH_ {2} PO_ {2} + PH_ {3}}}

It can be made by neutralizing hypophosphorous acid or a calcium phosphinate solution with sodium carbonate .

The monohydrate is formed during the reaction in aqueous solutions.

properties

Sodium phosphinate is a crystalline white solid that is readily soluble in water. It decomposes when heated above 260 ° C. In aqueous solution it decomposes when heated, releasing spontaneously flammable hydrogen phosphide and forming disodium hydrogen phosphate .

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {2 \ NaH_ {2} PO_ {2} \ longrightarrow Na_ {2} HPO_ {4} + PH_ {3}}}

The hydrate NaH ₂ PO ₂ · H ₂ O has a crystal structure with the space group P 2 ₁ / n (space group no. 14, position 2) . ${\ displaystyle {\ tfrac {4} {5}}}$ Template: room group / 14.2

use

Sodium phosphinate is used as Thiele's reagent for the detection of selenium and earlier also in tonic. In the laboratory it is used as a reducing agent , for example for the production of nanoparticles, but especially for the electroless deposition of phosphorus- containing nickel layers on metals or plastics and other non-conductive materials. Sodium phosphinate is also suitable for the deposition of palladium on glass.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Entry on sodium phosphinate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on March 9, 2016(JavaScript required) .
^ William M. Haynes: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 96th Edition . CRC Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1-4822-6097-7 , pp. 91 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Entry on sodium phosphinate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on March 9, 2016.
↑ Data sheet Sodium hypophosphite monohydrate, ≥99% from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 9, 2016 ( PDF ).
↑ Entry on sodium phosphinate in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank , accessed March 9, 2016.
^ ^A ^b Hermann Hager: Hager's handbook of pharmaceutical practice for pharmacists, drug manufacturers, druggists, doctors and medical officials, second volume . Springer-Verlag, 1949, ISBN 978-3-642-49767-4 , p. 302 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ M. Catti: Pseudo-symmetry and hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure of NaH ₂ PO ₂ · 4 / 5H ₂ O. In: Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 35, p. 1041, doi : 10.1107 / S0567740879005537 .

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Entry on sodium phosphinate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on March 9, 2016(JavaScript required) .

[William_M._Haynes-2] William M. Haynes: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 96th Edition . CRC Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1-4822-6097-7 , pp. 91 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[RömppOnline-3] Entry on sodium phosphinate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on March 9, 2016.

[Sigma-4] Data sheet Sodium hypophosphite monohydrate, ≥99% from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 9, 2016 ( PDF ).

[HSDB-5] Entry on sodium phosphinate in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank , accessed March 9, 2016.

[Hermann_Hager-6] A ^b Hermann Hager: Hager's handbook of pharmaceutical practice for pharmacists, drug manufacturers, druggists, doctors and medical officials, second volume . Springer-Verlag, 1949, ISBN 978-3-642-49767-4 , p. 302 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[DOI10.1107/S0567740879005537-7] M. Catti: Pseudo-symmetry and hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure of NaH ₂ PO ₂ · 4 / 5H ₂ O. In: Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 35, p. 1041, doi : 10.1107 / S0567740879005537 .