Nederling
Nederling is an old district of Munich , which is located northwest of the city center. Nederling was originally a hamlet between Moosach and Gern with two, at times three farms, of which the Dießener Hof belonged to the Dießen Monastery and the Frimmer Hof belonged to the Munich parish of St. Peter until the secularization in 1803 . Today the district belongs to the Roman Catholic parish Munich-St. Mauritius .
history
The first documentary mention (as far as known) of the settlement dates back to 1317, when Ulrich von Tor handed over a farm in Noederling to the Dießen monastery . In 1362 a farm is mentioned in the monastery land register as a property. The name means either "near Nodirlo" or "in the desert" (Ederling). Presumably the barren fields and meadows were mostly in the west, in the south you soon came across the corridors of the Gerner farmers, in the north those of the Moosacher. Originally the forest of what is now the Kapuzinerhölzl was probably also used by the Dutch people. This small oak forest is a historically significant place.
Thirty Years' War
When the Swedes and French tried to cross the Inn ten times on their way to the east during the Thirty Years' War under Generals Wrangel and Turenne in 1648 and floods prevented them from doing so ten times, they withdrew via Moosburg , Freising and Dachau , but interrupted theirs Withdrawal in favor of a hunt carried out by the generals in the game-rich area north of what was then the village of Kemnaten, which later became part of the Nymphenburg district . The imperial cavalry colonel Johann von Werth set out from Munich and, on the morning of October 15, 1648, came across the first enemies in a fog-shrouded forest, probably the Kapuzinerhölzl, who initially did not even notice what was happening in their zeal for hunting.
The final battle of the Thirty Years' War developed from this , although it is unclear how far the battle dragged on and where its focus was. Around 400 to 500 men of the Swedish and French troops fell or drowned in the Dachau Moos , which then stretched much further south than it does today. 700 ordinary soldiers and 120 officers were taken prisoner and presented in triumph the next day in Munich. 1000 horses perished. General von Wrangel lost his golden sword. In addition, valuable eating utensils were lost. Wrangel and Turenne, however, escaped and, in their anger, incinerated 20 Swabian villages as they withdrew .
18th and 19th centuries
In the 18th century, Nederling belonged to the Neuhausen Court Office . The southern border of the former Hofmark Moosach bypassed the Nederlinger Höfe at a short distance. When the community was formed in 1818, Nederling came to the community of Moosach as part of the community formation . In terms of the church it belonged, like Moosach, to the parish of Feldmoching ; the children went to school in Nymphenburg. In 1913, Nederling was incorporated into Munich together with Moosach.
The Nederlinger Höfe have often changed hands, at times they were also empty. In 1840 14 people lived in Nederling. There were three courtyards and a chapel there. In 1875 there were 28 residents, in the stables there were 9 horses and 43 head of cattle. The banker Eugen Gutmann acquired the Frimmer-Hof at the beginning of the 20th century , and in 1914 also the Dießener-Hof , combined both to form Gut Nederling and leased it to the Bavarian State Institute for Plant Cultivation and Plant Protection, which operated an experimental farm there until the early 1960s. Since Gutmann was Jewish, the Nederlinger Gut was expropriated in 1937 and transferred to the city of Munich, which paid compensation after the war. From 1939 to 1959 the Frimmer farm was rented to a pig farmer. Since 1962 the buildings of the Nederlinger Gut have housed residential and operational buildings of the City Garden Directorate. In November 2003 the Dießener Hof was sold and rebuilt. A folk theater and a restaurant with beer garden were operated there until 2016, then a bilingual school and bilingual kindergarten. The Nederlinger fields and meadows have been cultivated piece by piece since the end of the 19th century. It all started with the Westfriedhof , for which the city of Munich bought 12 hectares from the municipality of Moosach outside of its former borders in 1893 and which has been expanded again and again over the years. The cemetery with the funeral hall and outbuildings is the work of the city master builder Hans Grässel . The last larger areas of the Nederlinger Fluren (the Schäferwiese) were built on from 1983 with the so-called "Metten-Siedlung".
There are five home gardens between Kapuzinerhölzl and Dachauer Strasse . The oldest of these, and at the same time the first ever to be built in Munich, was built in 1906 on Baldurstrasse opposite the Westfriedhof and entrusted to the "Heimgartenbund", which was founded at the same time. It is called "Heinrich-Schlicht-Anlage", after the then municipal councilor, whose initiative it owes its creation.
The mighty and venerable Nederlinger Linde directly next to Gut Nederling and south of the allotment garden NW 12 is one of the oldest trees in Munich. The Gerner painter Philipp Röth often sat beneath her and painted landscapes, which is why she is also known as Röth-Linde .
According to the house statistics around 1800, Nederling consisted of two properties and belonged to the main team Neuhausen, Amt Neuhausen, Landgericht Dachau. In 1902, the Neuhausen office with Nederling was ceded to the newly formed Munich Regional Court.
A map from 1812 shows that Nederling was a crossroads of local and national importance. There the road led from Munich via Neuhausen and Gern to Obermenzing ( now Nederlinger Straße ), another from the Ludwig-Ferdinand-Brücke on the great Nymphenburg Canal past the Nederlinger Linde to Moosach. Part of it is still preserved as a path within the home garden at the Nederlinger Gut . Another street went from Nederling over the area of the current Metten settlement and its green area towards Kapuzinerhölzl to the current street In den Kirschen . It was last called Röhrmooser Straße, led in gentle curves between grain fields and was a joy for pedestrians and cyclists who wanted to Nymphenburg, Obermenzing or Pasing . When a parking lot was temporarily set up on the grounds of the current Metten settlement for the 1972 Olympic Games , it was believed that it would have to be closed to traffic. That was her end. Soon it was plowed in. From Nederling a road also led east to Dachauer Strasse. Today it is called Baldurstrasse. The Dutch farmer Matthias Reindl planted their beautiful maple trees at the beginning of the 20th century because he wanted a shady road for going to church. Presumably he turned left at Sadelerstraße, which at that time did not end on Baldurstraße, but led along the wall of the old Westfriedhof to the old Moosach St. Martins Church . It was called Bodenbreitenstrasse and led from Gern to Moosach, where there is still a section of the street with the same name. The rest of the street was partly named Sadelerstraße, partly abandoned, on the occasion of the expansion of the Westfriedhof. In the cemetery, however, it can still be seen as a wide path between the old and the new system.
20th century
Most recently, the hamlet of Nederling was listed in the localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1904 to the state of the census of 1900, with 24 inhabitants in three residential buildings. On July 1, 1913, Nederling was reclassified as part of the municipality of Moosach in the city of Munich.
In 1909, the tram tracks were extended from Rotkreuzplatz to Westfriedhof, on which the four-wheelers once drove. When the U-Bahn to Rotkreuzplatz was built, it had to be closed on September 27, 1981 and replaced by a bus line until a U 1 train reached Westfriedhof for the first time on May 24, 1998.
A literary mention of the streets of Nederling can be found in the novel “Föhn” by Martin Gregor-Dellin , who lived on Nederlinger Strasse in the 1960s. The novel is about the first hostage-taking bank robbery in Germany, which took place in Munich on August 4, 1971 in Prinzregentenstrasse . Dellin had one of the perpetrators, whom he called Rohrmoser, inspired by Röhrmooser Straße, live in Baldurstraße and was right to be amazed at the clumsy angel he saw from his window on the other side of the street. The angel lay, and still lies horizontally on a column in front of a side entrance to the cemetery, stretches his arms forward and looks "like a fat child who is learning to swim".
literature
- Martin Gregor Dellin: Foehn . Munich 1974.
- Volker D. Laturell , Georg Mooseder: Moosach . Munich 1980 (Vol. 1), 1985 (Vol. 2), 1988 (Vol. 3).
- Volker D. Laturell, Nederling . Münchner Stadtanzeiger of April 29, 1977 (No. 33), p. 27 f.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Nederling, in: Working group for local history research in the Würm region: Materials for local history research in the Würm region , Gauting 2001, pp. 150–151.
- ↑ Gut Nederling
- ↑ Allotment garden NW 12
- ^ Pankraz Fried: Die Landgerichte Dachau and Kranzberg, Munich 1958 , p. 58
- ↑ Landratsamt Dachau: View into the district history ( Memento of the original from November 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places, Munich, 1904 , column 218
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 601 .
Coordinates: 48 ° 10 ' N , 11 ° 31' E