Nicolas-Joseph Maison
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Nicolas-Joseph, marquis Maison (born December 19, 1771 in Épinay-sur-Seine near Saint-Denis , † February 13, 1840 in Paris ) was Marshal of France , statesman, foreign minister and minister of war .
Life
(detail of a lithograph by Theodor Hosemann (1807-1875))
Maison began his service in the Paris National Guard in 1789 at the beginning of the French Revolution. As a volunteer he joined the army on July 22, 1791, he quickly became a captain and distinguished himself in the battles at Jemappes and Fleurus . After May 1, 1796, he was promoted to Chef de bataillon . In 1799 he became adjutant general of the Minister of War Bernadotte and in 1802 governor of the Piedmontese department of Tanaro.
In 1805 he acquired the former Langwaden monastery near Grevenbroich and the associated lands in the Rhineland . In December 1805 Maison fought under Bernadotte in the ranks of the 1st Corps near Austerlitz ; with the 95th and 27th line regiments , he fended off all Russian counterattacks and was promoted to Général de brigade . In the war against Prussia in 1806 he took part again under Bernadotte in the battle near Saalfeld , after the battle of Jena he pursued Blücher to Lübeck . In 1808 Maison fought under Marshal Victor in Spain . He decided the victory at Espinosa de los Monteros (November 10) but was badly wounded while taking Madrid .
From the summer of 1810 he was with the occupation corps in Holland. From July 25th to November 17th, 1811 he was commander of the 30th Military Division and on December 25th he became city commander of Utrecht .
On April 1, 1812, he took over a brigade of the 6th Division in the observation corps on the Elbe. When invasion of the Grande Armee in Russia he took over in August a brigade of the 6th Division (General Claude Legrand ) used to Daugava pushed forward.
After the Battle of Polotsk , he was promoted to general de division and temporarily entrusted the command of the 2nd Corps in place of the wounded Marshal Oudinot . Napoleon appointed him baron during the retreat on the Beresina . The division under Maison covered the retreat of the rest of the French army to the Vistula in November 1812 .
From March 9, 1813, Maison led a division of the 2nd Corps (now Marshal Victor ), at the end of March he was back on the Elbe . He then commanded the 16th division in the 5th Corps (General Lauriston ) and fought against the Prussians at Großgörschen and Bautzen . In August 1813, Maison covered MacDonald's retreat across the Neisse after being defeated by Blücher in the Battle of the Katzbach . In October 1813 his troops fought in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , where he was badly wounded. On December 21, 1813, the Emperor appointed Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor and Count. In the campaign of 1814 he served as commander of the 1st Corps Belgium , namely the fortress of Antwerp , against the allies advancing from the north.
After Napoleon's abdication, Maison submitted to Louis XVIII in March 1814 . who made him Knight of the Order of St. Ludwig and Military Governor of Paris . When Napoleon returned from Elba , Maison was given command of the troops assembled outside Paris. When these passed over to Napoleon, he fled to Ghent to the king, who, after the renewed restoration on July 8, confirmed him as military governor of Paris and commander of the 1st military division.
When Maison declared himself incompetent in September 1815 as a member of the court martial appointed over Marshal Ney , he had to give up his position in Paris. Between January 10, 1816 and February 17, 1819 he was transferred to Marseille as commander of the 8th Division . In renewed favor he was appointed Marquis and Peer in 1817 and he distinguished himself in the Chamber by his frankness. On August 19, 1821 he was again given his post as Governor of Paris.
On July 24, 1828, Maison became commander-in-chief of the French Morea expedition , he forced the Ottoman troops under Ibrahim Pascha to embark by the September 7th Convention. In 1829 he returned to France and received the marshal's baton . The cabinet under Count Jules de Polignac ruled consistently past the Chamber of Deputies, which led to the outbreak of the July Revolution of 1830, Maison declared itself loyal to the Orléans dynasty . On November 2, 1830 he took over the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for two years, after which he went to Vienna as envoy and in 1833 to Petersburg . He was Minister of War from late April 1835 to September 19, 1836, after which he withdrew from all state affairs and died on February 13, 1840.
Honors
- 1840: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor
His name is entered on the triumphal arch in Paris in the 14th column.
In Athens and Patras streets are dedicated to him ( Mäzonos , Μαίζωνος: genitive of the Graecized form of his name, Μαίζων).
literature
- Sophie Tremblau: Nicolas-Joseph Maison - Lord of the castle to Langwaden . In: Contributions to the history of the city of Grevenbroich 5 (1983), pp. 44–55.
- Sophie Tremblau: Marshal Maison and Langwaden . In: Almanach for the Neuss district 1979, pp. 17–26.
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Louis Molé |
Foreign Minister of France November 2, 1830-17. November 1832 |
Horace-François Sébastiani |
| Henri Gauthier, comte de Rigny |
Minister of War of France April 30, 1835–6. September 1836 |
Simon Bernard |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Maison, Nicolas-Joseph |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Maison, Nicolas-Joseph marquis (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French general and statesman, Marshal of France |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 19, 1771 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Épinay-sur-Seine near Saint-Denis |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 13, 1840 |
| Place of death | Paris |