Ondráš z Janovic

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Ondraszek after Wladyslaw Skoczylas
Killing of Ondráš or Ondraszek in the collection of the Polish Museum of Cieszyn Silesia

Ondráš z Janovic (in the Czech spelling), also Ondraszek (in the Polish spelling) (actually: Ondřej Fuciman, after the older literature Ondřej Šebesta or Andrzej Szebesta; * 1680 in Janovice near Frýdek , baptized on November 13, 1680; † April 1, 1715 in Sviadnov ) was a legendary Robin Hood of Lachei and the Moravian-Silesian Beskids , a robber and folk hero .

Life

Ondraszek came from the Friedek minority in the Moravian-Lachish-speaking area on the border of northern Moravia and Teschen Silesia . He was the eldest son of the Vogts von Janovice, Ondřej (Polish Andrzej, local Óndra) and his wife Dorota. He pursued his robbery trade in the area around Lysá hora until on April 1st, 1715, in the inn in Sviadnov in Moravia, he was killed with a battle ax by a Jura Fuciman from Malenovice , who belonged to his band of robbers, who earned a bounty of 100 for the murder Wanted to earn gold pieces. However, Fuciman did not get the bounty, but was arrested when he picked it up in Teschen and then tortured, which also killed him.

Inspirations

Ondráš was active in the wider area of ​​the West Beskids , which were settled in the course of the Wallachian colonization and, like the Slovak Juraj Jánošík, became the hero of numerous folk tales , songs and stories of the neighboring ethnic groups, e. B. in the Moravian-Lachish dance "Ondrášův skok", in works by the Czech-Silesian poet Petr Bezruč , the painter Albín Polášek , the composer Ilja Hurník and Václav Kašlík , as well as Ondraszek of the Polish- speaking pieśń o zbójniku (The song about den RUber) the dance and singing ensemble Śląsk (Silesia), in which he is praised as the savior of the poor peasants and enemy of the rich. As Ondraszek he became the main character of the novel named after him by the Polish-Silesian writer Gustaw Morcinek and also of a novel by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka , who lived in the Polish part of Cieszyn Silesia. The Moravian-Lachian poet Erwin Goj from the Silesian town of Friedek was inspired by the robber's name when choosing his literary pseudonym Óndra Łysohorsky . Ondraszek is the main character in the 1934 opera by the Polish composer Feliks Nowowiejski .

literature

  • Zofia Kossak-Szczucka : Prawdziwa historia Ondraszka Szebesty . In: Czas, Kraków 1924–1925.
  • Zofia Kossak-Szczucka: Historia Ondraszka Szebesty, zbójnika . In: Wielcy i mali . Krakowska Spółka Wydawnicza, Kraków 1927.
  • Gustaw Morcinek : Ondraszek . Czytelnik, Warszawa 1954.
  • Gustaw Morcinek: Przedziwna historia o zbójniku Ondraszku . Instytut Wydawniczy Nasza Księgarnia, Warszawa 1963. New edition 1988, ISBN 978-8310089014 .
    • Translation Irmgard Luft: The very strange story of the robber Ondraszek. Legends from the Beskids . Nasza Księgarnia, Warszawa 1973.
  • Alicja Danel-Ozga: "Kim był Ondraszek?", Kalendarz Cieszyński 1986 , Cieszyn 1985, pp. 39–44.
  • Golec J., Bojda S .: Słownik biograficzny ziemi cieszyńskiej , Volume 1, Cieszyn 1993, pp. 211-212.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ J. Golec, S. Bojda, Słownik ... , Volume 1, p. 211.
personal data
SURNAME Ondráš z Janovic
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ondraszek; Szebesta, Andrzej (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Robin Hood of the West Beskids, a robber and folk hero
DATE OF BIRTH baptized November 13, 1680
PLACE OF BIRTH Janovice near Frýdek
DATE OF DEATH April 1, 1715
Place of death Sviadnov