Petr Bezruč

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Petr Bezruč, portrait in the Bezruč house in Opava

Petr Bezruč was a pseudonym of a Czech poet who, according to the most popular theory, is associated with Vladimír Vašek (born September 15, 1867 in Opava ; † February 12, 1958 in Olomouc ). Ondřej Boleslav Petr (* 1853 in Bruzovice ; † 1893 ) was also used by others, e.g. B. by the songwriter Jaromír Nohavica , considered the author of at least parts of Bezruč's poems.

Life

The pseudonym was first used on February 18, 1899 in the newspaper Čas under three poems. The following very emotional works quickly became controversial and well known. Petr Bezruč's identity was only revealed by Vladimír Vašek in 1910, but not everyone believed that all of Petr Bezruč's poems were written by him. Vladimír Vašek was the son of the teacher and philologist Antonín Vašek and Marie Vašková. He studied classical philology at Charles University in Prague , where he was friends with Jan Herben and Vilém Mrštík . Later he was an official at the station post in Brno . He published his poems mostly in the supplement of the magazine Čas (Time) and in his own poetry collections, the most famous of which are the Silesian songs (Slezské písně). He loved the surroundings of Ostrava and Český Těšín and spent a lot of time in the mountains of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids . Posthumously he received the National Artist of Czechoslovakia Award ( 1945 ).

The Silesian State Museum looks after Bezruč's house in Opava ( Památník Petra Bezřuče ) and his log cabin in Ostravice. Exhibitions on the life of the poet.

Works

Bezruč was influenced by symbolism and Czech modernism . During his stay in Frýdek-Místek , Vladimír Vašek got to know the social and national conditions of the workers on the Polish-Czech linguistic border in Cieszyn Silesia . His lung and nervous disease also affected his poems. His poems popularized the theory of the Polonized Moravians among the Czechs .

Bezruč described the hardship and misery of the Moravian workers in his works, but his texts also contain anti-Semitic passages that had an anti-capitalist motive and were not generally directed against Jews.

His friend and poet Ondřej Boleslav Petr (1853-1893), who is also said to have participated in the Silesian Songs, had a great influence on his life and work.

The person of Bezruč became a symbol of Czech Silesia for the Czechs. He was z. B. used as an argument at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 .

literature

  • 70,000
  • Básně, 1964
  • I nejvíce znavená řeka jednou do moře dospěje přece ...: Výbor z dopisů Petra Bezruče Stanislavu Augustovi
  • Jen jedenkrát: Zásilky času 1899–1914, 1980
  • Labutinka, 1963
  • Písně 1899–1900, 1953
  • Povídky ze života, 1957
  • Přátelům i nepřátelům: Paralipomena, 1958
  • Slezské písně (Silesian Songs), 1899–1928
  • Study for Café Lustig, 1889
  • Stužkonoska modrá, 1930
  • Verše milostné, 1967
  • Verše starého ještěra, 1957
  • Zpěvy o zemi slunečné, 1947

In German transmission

  • Silesian songs . From the Czech usual. by Rudolf Fuchs . With a foreword by Franz Werfel . Kurt Wolff, Leipzig 1916; Second, expanded edition with a long foreword by Rudolf Fuchs, Julius Kittls Nachsteiger Verlag, Leipzig - Mährisch Ostrau 1937 ( online ).
  • Truth of clinking chains
  • Songs of a Silesian miner . Translated from the Czech by Rudolf Fuchs . Munich: Kurt Wolff Verlag, 1926. 65 pp.
  • Songs of a rebel: selection from the "Silesian songs . Authorized post-poetry and foreword by Georg Mannheimer . Brno: Pokorný, 1931.
  • The blue ribbon . Recited from the Čech. by Georg Mannheimer. Brno: Pokorný, 1932.
  • 1867 - 1958 Petr Bezruč . Translated by Jan Milner, designed by Svatoslav Böhm, Památník Petra Bezruče, Krnov 1965, DNB 994197616 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Grzegorz Pietrzak: Motywy antypolskie i antykapitalistyczne w Pieśniach śląskich Petra Bezruča [Anti-Polish and anti-capitalist motifs in Petr Bezruč's Silesian Songs], 2011 (Polish)
  2. ^ Oskar Donath: Jewish in the new Czech literature. In: Yearbook of the Society for the History of Jews in the Czechoslovak Republic , 1929 to 1937. Nine volumes, Volume 3. Edited by Samuel Steinherz, first published in Prague 1931, Reprint: Textor, Frankfurt am Main 2008, p. 37, ISBN 3 -938402-02-4 .
  3. ↑ Petr Bezruč / Vladimír Vašek - Curriculum Vitae on Letenská Revue Czech

literature

Web links

Commons : Petr Bezruč  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Bezruč, Petr
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Vašek, Vladimír
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Czech writer and poet
DATE OF BIRTH September 15, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Troppau
DATE OF DEATH February 12, 1958
Place of death Olomouc