Oregon Zoo

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oregon Zoo
place 4001 SW Canyon Road
Portland OR 97221
surface 26 hectares
opening 1888
Animal species 232
Individuals 1955
Visitor numbers 1.6 million
organization
Sponsorship City of Portland
Member of WAZA , AZA
AsianElephantTrioOregonZoo.jpg

Asian elephants
www.oregonzoo.org
Oregon Zoo (Oregon)
Oregon Zoo

Coordinates: 45 ° 30 '30 "  N , 122 ° 42' 53"  W.

The Oregon Zoo (formerly: Washington Park Zoo ) is a zoo in Portland , the largest city in the US state of Oregon . It is located about three kilometers southwest of downtown Portland on the grounds of Washington Park . At the zoo also runs Schmalspurbahn Washington Park and Zoo Railway (track width: 2 ft 6 in), which connect to the International Rose Test Garden manufactures in the park. The zoo opened in 1888 after a private collector donated its animals to the City of Portland. Today the zoo with an area of ​​26 hectares belongs to the Metro-Government (Oregon regional government).

The zoo is a member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) and participates in the conservation breeding program for 21 threatened species, including the California condor , the Asian elephant and the African lion . The zoo also has extensive collections of plants and special gardens. A series of concerts is organized in summer and the ZooLights Christmas light show in winter . The Oregon Zoo is the highest paid and most popular attraction in Oregon with more than 1.6 million visitors in 2008/2009.

location

The zoo is on the southern border of Washington Park , which is also home to the Portland Children's Museum , World Forestry Center , Oregon Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and Hoyt Arboretum . A system of paths connects the zoo with the International Rose Test Garden , the Portland Japanese Garden and the Forest Park .

history

The zoo was founded in 1888. It is the oldest zoo in North America west of the Mississippi . The collection goes back to two bears ( grizzly bear and brown bear ) that Richard Knight acquired. Knight had been a seaman and was self-employed in a pharmaceutical business when he began buying animals from fellow sailors. He kept his "collection" behind his shop on the corner of Third Street and Morrison Street . When the care of the animals became too expensive, he tried to sell them to the city of Portland. The city did not accept this trade, but gave Knight two circus cages and allowed him to exhibit the bears in what was then City Park (Washington Park).

Caring for and feeding the bears remained the responsibility of the Knight family and friends. Soon after, Knight contacted the city council again: just five months later, he made an offer to give the city the bears along with the cages. This time the Portland City Council accepted the offer. On November 7, 1888, the Portland Zoo was founded. Because of its location in Washington Park , it was often called the Washington Park Zoo .

In 1894 there were already more than 300 animals in the zoo. In 1925 the zoo was relocated to the Portland Japanese Garden area , also in the Washington Park area.

In 1958–59 the zoo was relocated again, this time to its current location, and the site was planned by Lawrence, Tucker & Wallmann . The site originally belonged to Hoyt Park , west of Washington Park , but was annexed to Washington Park a few years later . At that time, the Washington Park and Zoo Railway was built to connect the zoo with its former site and attractions that have remained there. Moving the zoo took over a year. The first animals were relocated in the spring of 1958, and a restricted opening to visitors was made possible in June 1958, the day after the first section of the Zoo Railway opened. During the relocation phase, the zoo was only open on the weekends, while the new narrow-gauge railway was in operation six days a week. The final opening took place on July 3, 1959. In this context, the zoo was also renamed Portland Zoological Gardens , but kept the name Portland Zoo in the public eye . The elephants and big cats were the last to be relocated in November of that year and a new driveway was built from the nearby freeway, the Sunset Highway .

The zoo became popular when the Asian female elephant Rosy was purchased in 1953 and world famous when the elephant Packy was born in 1962 . It was the first Asian elephant to be born in the Western Hemisphere and was the largest Asian elephant in the United States by 2010, measuring 10.5 ft (3.2 m). Since then, another 28 calves have been born at the Oregon Zoo, seven of which were sired by Packy alone. Two of them, Shine and Rama , lived with him in the same enclosure until his death in 2015. This makes the breeding program the most successful zoo breeding program in the world. On August 23, 2008, Rose-Tu , Rosy's granddaughter , gave birth to the bull calf Samudra . Samudra is the first elephant calf to be born in the third generation in North America.

The city government ran the zoo until 1971, when the Portland Zoological Society took over the zoo under contract with the city. In 1976 the population voted for a tax savings plan that made the zoo subordinate to the Metropolitan Service District (MSD, Metro). The ownership was officially handed over to Metro on July 1, 1976. Since then, Metro has carried out expansion projects with the help of donors, sponsors and volunteers. In late 1976, MSD renamed the zoo Washington Park Zoo ; the railway was renamed the Washington Park and Zoo Railway two years later .

Veterinary center from 2014.

In 1998 the Metro Council changed the name again to Oregon Zoo . In September of that year, the zoo was connected to the MAX Light Rail system and the MAX Blue Line (Westside MAX) with the underground Washington Park station was opened. In 2003, the zoo participated in the California condor conservation breeding program initiated by the San Diego Wild Animal Park and the Los Angeles Zoo . The program aims to raise and release condors to replenish natural populations.

In November 2008, voters approved an allocation of $ 125 million to improve infrastructure, replace older enclosures, and implement better educational facilities and sustainability concepts. The number of visitors reached a record 1.6 million visitors from 2008 to 2009. Another baby elephant was born during this time. The following year, 1,612,359 people visited the zoo.

exhibition

Africa Rainforest

Africa Rainforest opened in 1991. The tropical house is 5300 m² in size; it cost $ 4.3 million to build. In addition to the enclosures, the tropical house houses an art exhibition and the Congo Ranger Station , a replica of a safari expedition. Animals are in the exhibition Rodrigues flying fox , palm fruit bat , Egyptian fruit bat , Mantelaffe , Allen's swamp monkey , Hagedasch , Witwenpfeifgans , slender-snouted crocodile , Nile monitor , lung fish , cichlids , Lesser Flamingo , gecko , chameleons , Porcupine , clawed and hooded vulture . The house has four main departments: Bamba Du Jon-Swamp ; Rainforest aviary; Monkey enclosure; Flying fox habitat.

Africa Savanna

The Africa Savanna opened in April 1989 and covers 4 acres (1.6 ha). In the enclosures are animals which are issued: black rhino , De Brazza's Monkey , Hippo , Blesbok , naked mole rat , reticulated giraffe , Masai Giraffe , Gerenuks , Speke's Gazelle , Southern Ground Hornbill , weaver birds , spotted thick-knee , Red-Crested Turaco , hammerhead , kinixys and thorn tail lizards . The Zebra Citation lived in the facility until its death in 2013.

Predators of the Serengeti

Predators of the Serengeti opened in September 2009. The facility covers 2.5 acres and devoured $ 6.8 million. The facility was built on the site of the former Alaska Tundra facility. Lions , cheetahs , African wild dogs , caracals , scorpions , southern pygmy mongooses and northern rock pythons are kept in the facility . The original lion enclosure was converted to Steller Cove in 1998 . The three lions came from zoos in California , Virginia, and Wisconsin . In 2013, the four-year-old lioness Neka gave birth to the first three cubs: Kamali , Zalika and Angalia . In September 2014, the other lioness, Kya , gave birth to four cubs, one of whom had to be euthanized.

Amazon Flooded Forest

The facility, which opened in 2001, simulates the floodplains of the Amazon rainforest during seasonal flooding. Here are black howler , white-faced saki , Arrau turtle ( Podocnemis expansa ), Cuvier's Dwarf Caiman , emerald tree boa , red neon , Symphysodon discus , Red Pacu , arowana , green anaconda , Natterer Sägesalmler , Northern Caiman Lizard , basilisk and frog species on display.

Elephant Lands

The Asian elephants Packy (left) and Rose-Tu

Four female Asian elephants ( Sung-Surin "Shine" , Rose-Tu , Chendra and Lily ) and one male ( Samudra "Sam" ) are kept in the facility. All but Chendra were born at the Oregon Zoo. The orphan is the only Borneo pygmy elephant in the United States. The facility is equipped with a swimming pool with space for up to ten elephants at the same time, a sandy bottom and a scratching station where the animals can rub themselves. It was increased from 1.5 to 6 acres (2.4 ha) in 2015.

The well-known bull elephant Packy died on February 9, 2017 as a result of a long-standing tuberculosis infection.

Bears

Icebear

Six bears are shown in three different facilities:

  • Tasul , the polar bear , lives in a facility that is supposed to represent Hudson Bay in Canada ; the female, Yugyan , had to be euthanized in 2008. The facility was created in 1986 and has two pools for winter and summer.
  • The female sun bear Jody lives in a tropical enclosure .
  • In The Great Northwest setup utilizing the Black Bear Ridge , the four live black bears Tuff , Dale , Cubby and Takota .

Great Northwest

The facility shows animals of the Pacific Northwest in the eight areas Black Bear Ridge , Eagle Canyon , Cascade Stream and Pond , Cougar Crossing , Cascade Crest , Trillium Creek Family Farm and Steller Cove . Cascade Canyon Trail connects the facilities and has a suspension bridge that offers a glimpse into the black bear enclosure. Cascade Stream and Pond was the first of these facilities to be built in 1982 and features beavers , North American otters , cat frets and various herons . Cascade Crest opened in 1998 and shows a snow cave, a lake and alpine tree species in a mountainous landscape. The facility, with an area of ​​10,920 ft² (1015 m²), cost $ 11.6 million. Mountain goats are shown . The Black Bear Ridge is the next plant on Cascade Canyon Trail . The $ 2 million facility opened in 2007 and is the home of the bobcats .

Duncan , a Shetland Sheep , on the farm.

Eagle Canyon follows on the way as the next facility with two bald eagles and silver salmon , sturgeon , rainbow and bull trout in a stream. The 20,800 ft² (1930 m²) facility opened in 2004. Next to it is the Cougar Crossing with two Pumas , Chinook and Paiute . The 4,260 ft² (396 m²) facility opened in 2006. The last facility along the way is the Trillium Creek Family Farm . It was opened in 2004. There, young volunteers introduce pets and explain work on the farm.

Steller Cove

Steller Cove is the last facility in the Great Northwest area . It presents animals and plants in and in the Pacific along the Oregon coast with tide pools, blowholes , kelp forests and stony coasts. Sea anemones , starfish , sea ​​cucumbers , beetle snails , limpets and sea ​​urchins , crustaceans , bullheads , anemone watchers , butterfish , gobies and scorpionfish are shown in the lake water basins . The facility cost $ 11 million and opened in 2000. The main attractions are seals and sea ​​otters .

Condors of the Columbia

Three California condors ( Kaweah , Tyrion, and 432 ) were brought to the facility in 2014. The animals come from a breeding facility at Estacada .

Other animal species

Amur leopard
A penguin in the Pacific Shores exhibit .

Other facilities are a penguinarium with Humboldt penguins , Inkaseeschwalben and gray seagulls and a Insectarium and the Cats of the Amur region of Amur and Siberian tiger . The zoo facility shows chimpanzees , orangutans , Northern white-cheeked crested gibbons , mandrills and tamarins . The Red Ape Reserve was opened in 2010 and by 2020 chimpanzees and mandrills are expected to move to a new facility. The zoo also shows two endangered species of pigs in the Asian Pigs exhibit : deer boar and Visayas pustular pig .

criticism

With the birth of Packy in 1962, an elephant breeding program began at the Oregon Zoo. 28 calves have been born so far, seven of which were conceived by Packy. 15 calves died before they were sexually mature and the whereabouts of two calves is unknown. Some calves like Stoney , Sabu and Prince were sold to the circus and few elephants like Hanako and Dino were loaned to other zoos, while Emma and Teak were sold to private individuals.

In April 2000, Rose-Tu was badly mistreated by her carer, which means that she is no longer able to raise calves. The nurse was sentenced to a minimal sentence because state law did not provide for higher penalties to date. Therefore, the Animal Legal Defense Fund initiated the Rose-Tu law , which was signed by Governor John Albert Kitzhaber in 2001. The law was the first in the United States to equate animal abuse with violence against human beings and to significantly increase penalties.

In December 2012 Lily was born, the calf of Rose-Tu and Tusko , a bull of the organization Have Trunk Will Travel , who gives away elephants. The Seattle Times then brought to light a contract that the newborn calf would belong to the company. At first, the zoo denied knowledge of the contract, but after extensive public discourse, the zoo raised funds to acquire Tusko and Lily for $ 400,000.

In May 2014, the zoo fired its director Kim Smith and chief veterinarian Mitch Finnegan for negligence that resulted in the death of the orangutan Kutai in an operation. However, the staff protested at the Metro Council, and the vet was hired again in July. In June 2014, six tamarins died while he was away.

It was also criticized for using bullhooks to guide the elephants and for having multiple health problems such as arthritis , thrush , tuberculosis and behavioral problems.

The In Defense of Animals organization has listed Oregon Zoo as one of the Ten Worst Zoos for Elephants for five years . The animal rights group Free the Oregon Zoo Elephants is fighting for an end to the breeding program and the transfer of the elephants to a reserve.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ About the Oregon Zoo. Oregon Zoo 2017
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g History of Oregon Zoo. Oregon Zoo. April 11, 2012.
  3. ↑ a b Portland’s zoo is now named Oregon Zoo. In: The Oregonian April 25, 1998.
  4. ↑ a b c d Andre Meunier: The zoo's $ 6.8 million exhibit, which houses three lions, keeps the roar alive. In: The Oregonian September 10, 2009.
  5. ^ Oregon Zoo Gardens. ( Memento of the original from April 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Oregon Zoo. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oregonzoo.org
  6. ↑ a b c Bill LaMarche: Oregon Zoo's Baby Elephant Helps Smash Attendance Records. ( Memento of the original from December 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Zoo and Aquarium Visitor, July 1, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zandavisitor.com
  7. ^ The birth of the bond. ( Memento of the original from May 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Oregon Zoo, April 11, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oregonzoo.org
  8. ^ A b c Mary Goodall: 'Patron Saint' of Portland's Zoo Collected Animals, Birds at Drug Store Near Waterfront. In: The Sunday Oregonian , March 16, 1958, p. 41.
  9. ↑ More Attractions for the Menagerie: Two Bears to be Added to the Free Show on Morrison Street. In: The Morning Oregonian , May 17, 1888, p. 8.
  10. ^ "Dock Boss Finds Office Occupied by Young Deer: Washington Park Zoo in Line for Another Pet, but Loses Out by Very Narrowest of Margins". In: The Morning Oregonian , June 28, 1928, p. 16.
  11. ↑ a b Zoo contest prize taken by old name. In: The Oregonian , Oct. 2, 1976, p. 1.
  12. ↑ Eugene E. Snyder: Portland Potpourri . Binford & Mort , Portland, Oregon 1991, ISBN 0-8323-0493-X , pp. 73-79.
  13. ^ Don Holm: Pittock Estate Needed to Complete Wondrous Park System. In: The Oregonian April 12, 1964, pp. 40-41.
  14. ↑ Many See Zoo, Train. In: The Oregonian , June 9, 1958, p. 15.
  15. ↑ Russian Bears Inspect New Home at Zoo. In: The Oregonian , Aug. 8, 1958, p. 26.
  16. ↑ Zoo Opening Pushed Back 2 to 4 Weeks. In: The Oregonian , May 27, 1959, p. 1.
  17. ↑ Leverett G. Richards: Joy Reigns Supreme at West Hills Zoo As Wonders of New Park Are Unveiled. In: The Oregonian , Jul 4, 1959, p. 1.
  18. ↑ Balky Elephants Moved By Force to New Home. In: The Oregonian , Nov. 4, 1959, p. 14.
  19. ^ Move to New Zoo Set for Big Cats. In: The Oregonian , Nov. 10, 1959, p. 19.
  20. ^ Road to Open to New Zoo. In: The Oregonian , Oct.10 , 1959, p. 5.
  21. ↑ Free the elephants! Problems plague the Oregon Zoo's pachyderms. ( Memento of the original from February 17, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Willamette Week . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wweek.com
  22. ^ Ann Sullivan: Zoo's new director stresses education. In: The Oregonian , Jul 2, 1971, p. 26.
  23. ↑ Change at zoo. In: The Oregonian , October 21, 1978, A22. Editorial.
  24. ↑ Zoo plans expansion Following levy approval. In: The Oregonian , May 27, 1976, C3.
  25. ^ Go west, young MAX. In: The Oregonian (special section), September 9, 1998.
  26. ↑ Erik Siemers: PCC, Zoo expect to face more robust bond market. November 14, 2008. In: Portland Business Journal .
  27. ^ Eric Mortenson: Despite economy, Oregon Zoo sets attendance record with more than 1.6 million visitors. In: The Oregonian , Jan. 7, 2010.
  28. ↑ a b c Africa Rain Forest Exhibit. ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Oregon Zoo, September 23, 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oregonzoo.org
  29. ↑ a b Africa Savanna Exhibit. ( Memento of the original from May 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Oregon Zoo 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oregonzoo.org
  30. ^ A b Predators of the Serengeti. ( Memento of the original from April 16, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Oregon Zoo 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oregonzoo.org
  31. ↑ Possibility of lion cubs brings roars of excitement. Zoo News, Oregon Zoo 2013.
  32. ↑ Amazon Flooded Forest. ( Memento of the original from April 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Oregon Zoo. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oregonzoo.org
  33. ^ Oregon Zoo Elephant Exhibit. ( Memento of the original from December 19, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Oregon Zoo. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oregonzoo.org
  34. ↑ Anna Griffin: Packy, Portland's Famed Pachyderm, Dies At 54 , Oregon Public Broadcasting . February 9, 2017. 
  35. ↑ a b c Bear Exhibit. ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Oregon Zoo 2009. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oregonzoo.org
  36. ↑ Katy Muldoon: Three black bears find a home at the Oregon Zoo. In: The Oregonian , April 29, 2010.
  37. ^ Great Northwest. ( Memento of the original from July 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Oregon Zoo 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.oregonzoo.org
  38. ^ Cascade Stream and Pond. Oregon Zoo 2017.
  39. ↑ Cascade Crest Exhibit Oregon Zoo 2017.
  40. ^ Black Bear Ridge Exhibit. Oregon Zoo 2017.
  41. ^ A b Eagle Canyon Exhibit. Oregon Zoo 2017.
  42. ^ Cougar Crossing Exhibit. Oregon Zoo 2017.
  43. ^ Trillium Creek Family Farm. Oregon Zoo 2017.
  44. ^ Steller Cove Exhibit. Oregon Zoo 2017.
  45. ↑ Cats of the Amur Region. Oregon Zoo 2017.
  46. ^ Oregon Captive Breeding Record. ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: helpelephants.com . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.helpelephants.com
  47. ^ Surplus Animals: The Cycle of Hell. PAWS 2014.
  48. ↑ The lesson of Rose-Tu and her calf. In: The Oregonian , October 19, 2014.
  49. ↑ Honoring Animal Victims: Landmarks in Legislation. ( Memento of the original from October 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Animal Legal Defense Fund 2014-10-19. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / aldf.org
  50. ↑ ORS 167.320 In: OregonLaws.org , December 23, 2014.
  51. ^ Portland's baby elephant belongs to the traveling show. In: Seattle Times , April 22, 2014.
  52. ↑ Oregon Zoo pays $ 400,000 for elephants Lily and Tusko. In: The Oregonian , April 22, 2014.
  53. ↑ Oregon Zoo brings back veterinarian fired over death of orangutan. In: The Oregonian , October 19, 2014.
  54. ^ Six Oregon Zoo monkeys that mysteriously died simultaneously showed signs of shock, stress. In: The Oregonian , October 19, 2014.
  55. ^ Oregon Zoo fact sheet. ( Memento of the original from October 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. helpelephants.com 2014-04-22 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.helpelephants.com
  56. ↑ PDF ( Memento of the original from April 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: NWExaminer , April 22, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nwexaminer.com
  57. ^ Ten Worst Zoos for Elephants. In: idausa.org , April 22, 2014.

Web links

Commons : Oregon Zoo  - Collection of Pictures, Videos, and Audio Files