Orthobunyavirus

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Orthobunyavirus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Riboviria
Empire : Orthornavirae
Phylum : Negarnaviricota
Subphylum : Polyploviricotina
Class : Ellioviricetes
Order : Bunyavirales
Family : Peribunyaviridae
Genre : Orthobunyavirus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (-) ss RNA segmented
Baltimore : Group 5
Symmetry : helical
Cover : available
Scientific name
Orthobunyavirus
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 11572
ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB): 250

Orthobunyavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Peribunyaviridae from the order Bunyavirales . In this genus there are (as of November 2018) 49 species confirmedby the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which are conventionally classified into 20 serogroups with around 170 viruses.

The name Orthobunyavirus comes from Bunyamwera , Uganda , where the type species Bunyamwera-Orthobunyavirus was first discovered, together with the prefix ortho- from ancient Greek ὀρϑός (orthós), which means 'upright', 'right', 'straight'.

Epidemiology

The genus is most diverse in Africa , Australia and Oceania , but occurs almost worldwide. Most types of orthobunyavirus are transmitted by mosquitoes and cause bovine disease. But there are also species pathogenic to humans , such as the California encephalitis virus , the La Crosse virus, and the Jamestown Canyon virus , which cause encephalitis in humans.

morphology

The virus particles ( virions ) of the genus Orthobunyavirus are round in shape ( spherical ) with a diameter of 80 to 120 nm. As is typical for members of the order Bunyavirales, the envelope encloses three helical capsids (ribonucleocapsids) of different sizes, each with a strand of segmented RNA - Genome . The three genome segments L, M and S (for English large, medium, small ) consist of a single-stranded RNA with negative polarity .

  • The large segment L-RNA of approx. 6500  nt codes for the viral RNA polymerase (L-protein)
  • The middle segment of M-RNA of approx. 4500 nt codes for a polyprotein which is cleaved into the Gn, NSm and Gc proteins by host protease.
  • The small S-RNA segment of approx. 1000 nt codes for the nucleoprotein (N protein) of the capsids and a non-structural protein (NS protein).

Systematics

As of March 2019, the genus Orthobunyavirus includes u. a. the following species confirmed by ICTV:

  • Genus Orthobunyavirus
  • Anopheles A serogroup
  • Anopheles B serogroup
  • Bakau serogroup
  • Bunyamwera serogroup and Wyeomyia serogroup (associated viruses here marked with '+ B' and '+ W')
  • Bwamba serogroup
  • Species Bwamba virus ( en.Bwamba virus , BWAV, officially Bwamba orthobunyavirus ) (+)
  • California serogroup
  • Species Jamestown Canyon virus (en. Jamestown canyon virus , JCV, officially Jamestown Canyon orthobunyavirus ) (+)
  • Species Keystone virus ( EN . Keystone virus , KEYV, officially Keystone orthobunyavirus ) (+)
  • Species La Crosse virus (en. La crosse virus , LACV, officially La Crosse orthobunyavirus ) (+)
  • La Crosse virus L74
  • La Crosse virus L78
  • Species Lumbo virus (en. Lumbo virus LUMV, officially Lumbo orthbunyavirus ) (+)
  • Species Melao virus (en. Melao virus , MELV, officially Melao orthobunyavirus ) (+)
  • Species San Angelo virus (en. San Angelo virus , SAV, officially San Angelo orthobunyavirus ) (+)
  • Species Serra-do-Navio-Virus ( en.Serra do Navio virus , SDNV, officially Serra do Navio orthobunyavirus ) (+)
  • Species Snowshoe hare virus (en. Snowshoe hare virus , SSHV, officially Snowshoe hare orthobunyavirus ) (+)
  • Species Tahyna virus (en. Tahyna virus , TAHV, officially Tahyna orthobunyavirus ) (+)
  • Species Trivittatus virus (en. Trivittatus virus , TVTV, officially Trivittatus orthobunyavirus ) (+)
  • Capim serogroup
  • Gamboa serogroup
  • Group C serogroup
  • Guama serogroup
  • Koongol serogroup
  • Minatitlan serogroup
  • Olifantsvlei serogroup (Apparently more frequent prescriber: Olifanstlei)
  • Olifantsvlei virus (prescriber: Olifantslei virus, en. Olifantsvlei virus or Olifanstlei virus, OLIV) (+)
  • Patois serogroup
  • Simbu serogroup
  • Tete serogroup
  • Turlock serogroup
  • Without assigned serogroup

Based on the results of cross-wise hemagglutination inhibition ( English cross-hemagglutination inhibition , HI) and the reciprocal antibody neutralizations ( English antibody neutralization ) were 19 serogroups classified. The serogroups usually extend over one or more entire species, therefore these have also been classified above according to the serogroups. Viruses with confirmed serogroup affiliation are marked with (+). The serocomplexes (not detailed here) often, but not always, correspond to the genera. Some viruses have not yet been classified into any of the serogroups.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
  2. ↑ a b ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  3. ↑ a b ICTV 9th Report (2011) Bunyaviridae ( en , html) Retrieved on January 31, 2019: "Bunya: from Bunyamwera, place in Uganda, where type virus was isolated."
  4. ↑ KC Smithburn, AJ Haddow, AF Mahaffy: A Neurotropic Virus Isolated from Aedes Mosquitoes Caught in the Semliki Forest . In: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene . s1-26, No. 2, March 1946, ISSN  1476-1645 , pp. 189-208. doi : 10.4269 / ajtmh.1946.s1-26.189 . PMID 21020339 .
  5. ↑ a b c Orthobunyavirus . In: ViralZone . Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB). Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  6. ↑ Richard J. Kascsak, Michael J. Lyons: Bunyamwera virus I. The molecular complexity of the virion RNA . In: Virology . 82, No. 1, October 1, 1977, pp. 37-47. doi : 10.1016 / 0042-6822 (77) 90030-7 . PMID 898678 . Accessed December 20, 2018.
  7. ↑ Genebank: Bunyamwera virus L segment, complete sequence
  8. ↑ Genebank: Bunyamwera virus segment S, complete sequence
  9. ↑ ICTV : aster Species List 2018b v2 , March 2019 (MSL # 34v)
  10. ↑ ICTV : Master Species List 2018a v1 , MSL including all taxa updates since the 2017 release. Fall 2018 (MSL # 33)
  11. ↑ ICTV 2016 Master Species List # 31 with Acronyms, (Excel XLSX) , on: ViralZone , SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics

Web links

  • [1] , on: ViralZone , SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics