Oskar Hirsch

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Oskar Hirsch (born November 14, 1877 in Prerau , Moravia , † April 20, 1965 in Boston ) was an Austrian ENT doctor . He was a pioneer in pituitary surgery and a professor at the University of Vienna . As an Austrian Jew , he emigrated to the United States in 1938 .

Life

Hirsch studied medicine at the University of Vienna and in 1902 after passing the Rigorosen to Dr. med. PhD . He worked as an ear, nose and throat doctor at the Rudolfspital and at the Vienna General Hospital .

With seven publications he qualified as a professor in 1914 in laryngology and rhinology . In the Archive of the University of Vienna one of the publications is marked as thesis: About methods of surgical treatment of hypophysis tumors endonasal route. (Report on four operated cases) . From 1915 to 1918 he worked for Hans Finsterer in a Vienna garrison hospital . In 1919/20 he was at the Heinrich Neumann Ear Clinic . As a private lecturer , he became head of the larynx department at the Kaiser Franz Joseph outpatient clinic and anniversary hospital in 1920 . In 1927 he was appointed associate professor .

Transsphenoidal (through the ethmoid cells ) surgical access to the pituitary gland

Like no other before, he devoted himself to the tumors of the pituitary gland and their transnasal resection. The pituitary gland (“pituitary gland”) is an anatomical structure of the brain that is surgically difficult to access and is located at the base of the skull. Adam Rainer was one of his patients. In his publications , Hirsch also dealt with the development and treatment of nasal polyps and inflammation of the paranasal sinuses . He was also interested in embryology and comparative anatomy .

After the annexation of Austria on March 12, 1938, his venia legendi was revoked at the university. On April 22nd, he was removed from office and expelled from the University of Vienna. In November 1938 he was able to emigrate to the USA . In his registered removal goods there were also 25 graphics, 21 oil paintings and 8 drawings, but the moving containers were brought back from Hamburg to Vienna and auctioned off in 1943 by the “ Vugesta ” (recycling center for Jewish removal goods). Whether or not Egon Schiele's Die Sitzende was one of them is the subject of restitution proceedings .

Hirsch initially worked in Boston on the ENT ward in the municipal hospital and became a consultant at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , the Chelsea Naval Hospital , the New England Center for Children and the Massachusetts General Hospital . In 1944 he received American citizenship . He died at the age of 87.

Fonts

  • Surgical treatment of pituitary tumors by endonasal methods . Archives for Laryngology and Rhinology 26 (1912), pp. 529-686.
  • About eye symptoms in pituitary tumors and similar clinical pictures . Ophthalmologica 45 (1921), pp. 294-309.
  • The resistance of the central visual pathways to mechanical pressure . Ophthalmologica 57 (1925), pp. 592-600.
  • with Josef Meller : About the rhinogenic neuritis retrobulbaris . S. Karger 1926. ISBN 978-3-8055-1823-9 .
  • Contribution à la clinique des tumeurs hypophysaires, basée sur 100 cas opérés par l'auteur, d'après sa propre méthode endonasale . Paris 1926.
  • A contribution to the question about the genesis of the deviatio septi . Acta Oto-Laryngologica 9 (1926), pp. 87-103.
  • with Anton von Eiselsberg and Otto Marburg : The hypophysis. Lectures given at the Vienna Society for Internal Medicine and Pediatrics , 1930.

literature

  • William T. Couldwell, James K. Liu, Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol, Edward R. Laws, Chad D. Cole, Peter Kan: Harvey Cushing and Oskar Hirsch - early forefathers of modern transsphenoidal surgery . American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 2005.
  • Hannibal Hamlin: Prof. Dr. Oskar Hirsch in memory . Monthly journal for otology and laryngo-rhinology 101 (1967), pp. 51-53.
  • James F. McMurry: Oskar Hirsh and surgery for exophthalmos . 1983.
  • Giuseppe Lanzino, Edward R. Laws jr .: Pioneers in the development of transsphenoidal surgery: Theodor Kocher, Oskar Hirsch, and Norman Dott . 2001.
  • KH Tragl: Chronik der Wiener Krankenanstalten , 2007. S. 166 ff. ( Limited preview in the Google book search)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b message from the archives of the University of Vienna
  2. ↑ Published in Archives of Laryngology and Rhinology 24 (1910), pp. 129-177.
  3. ↑ O. Hirsch: Catarrhal Inflammation of the Nasal Accessory Sinuses, and its Diagnosis . The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 42 (1927), pp. 39-47.
  4. ↑ Katharina Kniefacz: Oskar Hirsch (memorial book for the victims of National Socialism at the University of Vienna)
  5. ↑ Thomas Trenkler: Who did Schiele's “Sitzende” belong to? , in: Der Standard , November 23, 2006.
  6. ↑ Egon Schiele: Seated , at Wikimedia Commons
personal data
SURNAME Hirsch, Oskar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian ENT doctor
DATE OF BIRTH November 14, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Přerov
DATE OF DEATH April 20, 1965
Place of death Boston