Otto Marburg

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Otto Marburg (born May 25, 1874 in Römerstadt , † June 13, 1948 in New York City ) was an Austrian neurologist . He was Professor of Neurology in Vienna and New York City and author of numerous papers on topics in neurology and neuropathology , in particular on multiple sclerosis and tumors of the central nervous system . The acute malignant form of multiple sclerosis (Marburg type) , which he first described in 1905, is named after him.

Lithograph by Jehudo Epstein (1925)

family

Marburg was born in 1874 in Römerstadt in Austria-Hungary , today Rýmařov in the Czech Republic, as the son of the Jewish factory owner Max Marburg and his wife Adele, née Berg. He had seven siblings, a sister and his mother died in 1942 in the Theresienstadt ghetto . Otto Marburg was married to Malvine Knoepfelmacher from 1916.

Life

After attending grammar school in Ratibor and Olomouc , Marburg studied medicine at the University of Vienna until 1899 . He received his doctorate in 1899 . During his studies he already worked as an assistant to Heinrich Obersteiner . He received his training in neurology in Vienna with Julius Wagner von Jauregg , in Paris with Pierre Marie and in Berlin with Hermann Oppenheim .

In 1905 Otto Marburg completed his habilitation in neurology, in 1912 he was appointed associate professor and in 1919 full professor. He also succeeded Heinrich Obersteiner at the Neurological Institute in 1919. From 1914 he was a member of the Leopoldina . After Austria's annexation in 1938, Marburg, like numerous other lecturers at the University of Vienna, was forced to retire due to its Jewish origins. Marburg and his wife left the country and, with the support of Bernhard Sachs, emigrated to the United States via England .

In the USA he worked first at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City , later at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University as a professor of neurology. His Austrian admission engaged state agencies and courts as well as the United States Supreme Court in 1940 and 1941 . Ultimately, Marburg's request for a professional license was rejected by the court, but he was still allowed to practice medicine.

Otto Marburg died on June 13, 1948 in New York City.

plant

Marburg explored the central nervous system in numerous histopathological studies: He described the substantiae gelatinosae centralis fasciculus and was the editor of a multiple atlas on neurohistopathology. His interests also included the neurological-topological diagnosis of damage to the pons and medulla oblongata as well as the pathology of the pineal gland (epiphysis).

One of the main areas of interest in Marburg was multiple sclerosis (MS), which he researched throughout his life and interpreted as a reactive process to an exogenous toxin. He described primary demyelination , inflammatory changes and reactive gliosis . In 1905, Marburg described an aggressive form of multiple sclerosis (MS) as "acute multiple sclerosis", which is now known as "acute malignant multiple sclerosis (Marburg type)" .

Another field of activity of Otto Marburg was neuro-oncology . His work here includes histopathological studies, animal experiments and radiation experiments with X-rays. Marburg worked in Vienna with the neurosurgeons Anton von Eiselsberg and Egon Ranzi , both pioneers in their discipline, and was able to examine hundreds of surgical specimens.

Otto Marburg wrote around 200 articles in scientific journals and was the author and editor of numerous books on neurological and neuropathological topics. He was also co-editor of the journals Works from the Neurological Institute at Vienna University and yearbooks for psychiatry and neurology .

Publications (selection)

  • O. Marburg: Microscopic topographical atlas of the human central nervous system with accompanying texts . 3rd edition Franz Deuticke, Leipzig Vienna 1927 (1st edition 1904, 2nd edition 1927)
  • O. Marburg: The physical healing methods in individual presentations for general practitioners and students. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig, Vienna 1905.
  • O. Marburg: The hemiatrophia facialis progressiva; the circumscribed facial atrophy. Hölder, Vienna 1912.
  • JA Hirschl, O. Marburg: Syphilis of the nervous system, including tabes and paralysis. Hölder, Vienna 1914.
  • O. Hezel, O. Marburg, H. Vogt, W. Weygandt. The war damage to the nervous system. Practical guide to their examination, assessment, treatment . JF Bergmann, Wiesbaden, 1917
  • G. Alexander, O. Marburg, H. Brunner (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Neurologie des Ohres . 4 volumes, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin 1923–1929.
  • O. Marburg: The headache and its treatment . Moritz Perles, Vienna 1926.
  • O. Marburg: Sleep, its disorders and their treatment . Springer, Berlin, Vienna 1928.
  • J. Meller, O. Marburg: For the knowledge of the so-called Czermak-v. Hippel's retinal disease. S. Karger, Berlin 1928.
  • O. Marburg, M. Sgalitzer Hrsg. The X-ray treatment of nervous diseases (special volumes on radiation therapy, volume XV). Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin - Vienna 1930
  • O. Marburg: Accident and brain tumor: A contribution to the etiology of brain tumors. Vienna, Springer 1934.
  • E. Grünthal, F. Hiller, O. Marburg: Traumatic presenile and senile diseases, circulatory disorders. Springer, Berlin 1936.
  • O. Marburg, M. Helfand: Injuries of the nervous system, including poisonings. Veritas Press, New York 1939.
  • O. Marburg: Hydrocephalus: its symptomatology, pathology, pathogenesis and treatment. Oskar Piest, New York 1940.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ O. Marburg: The so-called acute multiple sclerosis. In: Mitt Ges Inn Med Kinderheilk Wien, 1905, 4: 200.
personal data
SURNAME Marburg, Otto
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian neurologist
DATE OF BIRTH May 25, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Roman city
DATE OF DEATH June 13, 1948
Place of death New York City