Otori class
 The Kiji in 1937
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The Ōtori class ( Japanese 鴻 型 水雷 艇 , Ōtori-gata suiraitei ) was a class of eight torpedo boats of the Imperial Japanese Navy , which were used in World War II .
General
The Ōtori class was a further development of the Chidori class , but benefited from the experience gained during this (see Tomozuru incident ). This meant that attention was paid to reduced armament and a lower bridge at the design stage. To further increase the stability of the boats, the ship's width was increased by 78 cm, which also increased displacement and draft. To prevent the design speed from dropping, the drive power has been increased from 11,000 to 19,000 WPS.
The class was approved under the 2nd district building program (Maru 2 Keikaku) from 1934 and sixteen units were planned. Eight units were later canceled to free funds to build the Yamato-class battleships .
List of ships
| Surname | Shipyard | Keel laying | Launch | Commissioning | Whereabouts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ōtori ( 鴻 ) | Maizuru naval shipyard | November 8, 1934 | April 25, 1936 | October 10, 1936 | sunk on June 12, 1944 by air raid, northwest of Saipan |
| Kasasagi ( 鵲 ) |
Osaka Iron Works , Osaka |
March 4, 1935 | October 28, 1935 | January 15, 1937 | sunk on September 26, 1943 by americans Submarine, USS Bluefin in the Flores Sea |
| Hiyodori ( 鵯 ) |
Ishikawajima Zosen , Tokyo |
November 26, 1934 | October 25, 1935 | December 20, 1936 | sunk on November 17, 1944 by americans Submarine, USS Gunnel off Cape Tourane |
| Hayabusa ( 隼 ) | Yokohama Navy Yard | December 19, 1934 | October 28, 1935 | December 7, 1936 | sunk by air raid on September 24, 1944 in Manila Bay |
| Hato ( 鳩 ) | Ishikawajima Zosen, Tokyo |
May 28, 1936 | January 25, 1937 | August 7, 1937 | Sunk on October 16, 1944 by air raid in the South China Sea east of Hong Kong |
| Sagi ( 鷺 ) |
Harima Zosen , Kobe |
May 20, 1936 | January 30, 1937 | July 31, 1937 | sunk on November 8, 1944 by americans Submarine, USS Gunnel west of Luzon |
| Kari ( 雁 ) |
Mitsubishi , Yokohama |
May 11, 1936 | January 20, 1937 | September 20, 1937 | sunk on July 16, 1945 by americans Submarine, USS Baya in front of Makassar |
| Kiji ( 雉 ) |
Mitsui Zosen , Tamano |
October 24, 1935 | January 26, 1937 | July 31, 1937 | Spoils of war to the USSR: 1947 |
|
Hatsutaka Aotaka Wakataka Kumataka yamadori Mizutori Umidori Komadori |
Contracts canceled and funds used to build Yamato class . | ||||
technical description
hull
The hull of a torpedo boat of the Ōtori class was 88.5 meters long, 8.18 meters wide and had a draft of 2.76 meters with an operational displacement of 1,056 tons .
drive
It was driven by two oil-fired steam generators - Kampon boilers of the Yarrow type - and two geared turbine sets with which a total output of 19,000 hp (13,974 kW ) was achieved. The power was delivered to two shafts with one screw each . The top speed was 30.5 knots (56 km / h ). 152 tons of fuel could be bunkered, resulting in a maximum travel distance of 4,000 nautical miles (7,408 km) at 14 knots.
crew
The crew had a strength of 113 men.
Armament
artillery
In putting the armament consisted of three 12-cm guns in the caliber length 45 Type 11 M model . This anti-ship gun, introduced in 1920, had a rate of fire of 5 rounds per minute and a service life of 700 to 1000 rounds. It could fire a 20.41 kilogram grenade up to 16 kilometers and was housed in three 8.9 ton single mounts with shields for splinter protection. These were set up in the boat center line, one in front of the bridge structure and two behind or in front of the aft deckhouse. The single mounts had a lateral straightening speed of up to 4 ° per second, an elevation speed of up to 6 ° per second and an elevation range of −10 ° to + 55 °.
Air defense
When it was put into service, the anti-aircraft armament consisted of a 4 cm Type 91 gun . Due to the strong Allied forces, there was a continuous increase in defensive armament against aircraft until 1944. The aft 12 cm gun was brought ashore and replaced by eleven 2.5 cm Type 96 guns (3 twin and 5 single mounts). This 2.5-cm- machine guns fired in use around 110 to 120 rounds per minute and the effective range was about 3 kilometers at 85 ° barrel elevation.
Torpedoes
The torpedo boats of the Ōtori class had a triple torpedo tube set in 53.3 cm caliber. It was not planned to take reserve torpedoes with them.
Submarine hunting equipment
For submarine hunts, the boats had a Type 94 Y depth bomb , which was located on the quarterdeck. By 1944, the anti-submarine equipment was reinforced with two drain rails at the rear and several launchers for up to 48 depth charges .
Sensors
sonar
To search for submarines one was echolocation system of the type 93 and a hydrophone -Set the Type 93 scaffolded. This hydrophone set consisted of two groups of eight sensors each, one group on each side of the ship.
radar
Like the Japanese destroyers, the torpedo boats were not equipped with radio measurement technology from the beginning of the Pacific War . It was not until the end of the war that some units received the Type 22 radar . This system, which is capable of surveillance of the sea and fire control , which consisted of a double horn - one for sending and one for receiving - was installed in the main mast behind the bridge. Due to the fact that early Japanese radar devices were unreliable and their operating personnel were poorly trained, commanders tended not to take any information from them seriously and to rely on classic reconnaissance methods such as lookouts with optical devices. This behavior became more and more problematic as the Americans continued to introduce better radar systems and mainly used them for fire control.
In 1944, the surviving torpedo boats were given Type 13 devices for air surveillance , which had a long ladder antenna that was usually mounted on the aft mast.
literature
- Mike J. Whitley: Destroyer in World War II . Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-613-01426-2 , p. 203 .
- Hansgeorg Jentschura, Dieter Jung, Peter Mickel: Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy 1869-1945 . US Naval Institute Press, Annapolis 1977, ISBN 0-87021-893-X , pp. 129-130 (English).
- Mark Stille: Imperial Japanese Navy Antisubmarine Escorts 1941–45 . Osprey Publishing , Oxford 2017, ISBN 978-1-4728-1816-4 , pp. 9-212 and 18-20 (English).
Web links
- Ōtori class on ww2technik.de
- Ōtori class on navypedia.org (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ HP Willmott: The Last Century of Sea Power: From Port Arthur to Chanak, 1894-1922. Indiana University Press, 2009, ISBN 0-253-35214-2 , p. 620.
- ↑ Type 11 12 cm cannon. In: navweaps.com. Accessed June 21, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Type-96 1-inch automatic cannon . In: navweaps.com. Accessed June 21, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Japanese depth charges in WWII. In: navweaps.com. Accessed June 21, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Japanese Sonar and Asdic (USNTMJ E-10). (PDF) US Navy Technical Mission to Japan, December 14, 1945, pp. 7 and 11 , accessed June 21, 2020 .