Pankofen

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Pankofen
City of Plattling
Coordinates: 48 ° 47 ′ 29 "  N , 12 ° 53 ′ 44"  E
Height : 320 m above sea level NN
Residents : 405  (May 25 1987)
Incorporation : May 1, 1978
Postal code : 94447
Area code : 09931

Pankofen is a district of Plattling in the Lower Bavarian district of Deggendorf . Until 1978 it formed an independent municipality and is still separated from the main area of ​​Plattlings by agricultural land.

history

Almost complete excavations of late Celtic square entrenchments on 30,200 m² indicate an early settlement of the place. The ski jump was not isolated in the landscape, but also showed signs of settlement outside. It is one of the largest of its kind in the southern German distribution area. The excavation finds include three wood-paneled wells, dendrochronologically dating back to the 2nd and early 1st century BC. Can be dated BC. In addition, relatively few animal bones were found, including a high proportion of horse bones, comparable to Fellbach-Schmiden and Gournay-sur-Aronde .

Approx. In 600 AD the Bavarian village was inhabited by "housed servants". This is indicated by other archaeological finds.

Ducal influence and possessions have been handed down to a large extent in the Deggendorf area for the 8th century, without this having to be specified for Pankofen. It is more likely that Pankofen and various places in the area were colonizing sites of expansion of the Benedictine monastery Metten , founded in 766 . The Danube, which was still flowing freely, was then a border that was difficult to cross. Not a single paved road led through the forest and swamp area. The Bavarian Duke Tassilo III. from the Agilolfinger dynasty wanted to colonize and cultivate the border region to Bohemia. Benedictines from Metten Abbey were supposed to ensure that clearing and settlement were possible with the help of the rural population.

In the 15th century sat in Pankofen that the court Natternberg belonged to the noble family of Ampfinger. From 1474 Pankofen formed an executive committee to which, in addition to Pankofen, Mainkofen also belonged.

From the 16th century, single-layer goods (i.e. goods that were in the judicial district but were "looked after" by another court lord) of Hofmark Moos also appear in the records .

In 1752, in the responsible regional court of Natternberg , the landlords Natterberg and Stefanposching ( Kastenamt ), the former Deggendorfer and today Graflinger church St. Ulrich , the Irlbach Beneficium, the Counts Preysing on Moos and Armannsberg zu Egg, the town of Deggendorf , but also become the Pankoferschen landowners Listed free owned. For Pankofen, in addition to farmers and house owners (especially in the Hofmarken), the following trades are mentioned for the years 1752/60: 2 fishermen, 2 shoemakers, 1 landlord, 1 weaver and 1 shoemaker. The miller profession is noticeably seldom represented in the entire Natternberg court area. The "Pankofer mill", which has been closed since 2007, was only founded in the middle of the 19th century with the construction of the Plattlinger Mühlbach .

In 1808 the tax district Pankofen was formed, which included the former chairmen of Pankofen, Enzkofen, Ringkofen, Schiltorn and Höhenrain as well as the Plattling rectory.

For the year 1818 5 villages, 0 hamlets, 1 desert and 81 families are recorded for the rural community of Pankofen.

The municipality of Pankofen was created in 1821 from the tax districts of Pankofen and Fischerdorf, but without the fishing village itself. The districts of Rohr, Scheuer, Holzschwaig and Singerhof were added to the municipality of Pankofen. The Plattling vicarage was only spun off from the Pankofen community on February 22, 1879 as part of an area expansion of the Plattling market .

With effect from April 1, 1963, the district of Enzkofen was incorporated into the town of Plattling. As part of the municipal reform , the municipality of Pankofen was integrated into the city of Plattling on May 1, 1978.

Pankofen owns the Pankofen-Bahnhof railway station, which is located on the single-track Plattling-Bayerisch Eisenstein line . The district of Pankofen-Bahnhof is separated from Pankofen by the A92 motorway (Munich-Deggendorf).

Place name

Pankofen himself was first mentioned in the second half of the 13th century. The origin of the place name is not finally clear. There are thoughts that the first part of the name “Pan-” goes back to the Bavarian word “boa (n)” (leg, bone). This could coincide with the recent discovery of a burial ground. Due to the erosive slope, bones came to the surface in the past even without excavations.

The ending “-kofen” (originating from the ending -hofen) goes back to the designation of permanent settlement areas obtained by clearing, which later often resulted in places with “-ing” ending (e.g. Plattling). Around the villages of Michaelsbuch and Altenbuch there are a number of kofen names (next to -hofen): Mattenkofen, Peinkofen, Makofen, (Putzenhofen), Uttenkofen, (Uttenhofen), Rinkofen, Mainkofen, Enzkofen and Pankofen. The fact that Michaelsbuch belonged to the property of Gamelbert , the founder of the Metten Monastery , reinforces the assumption that the places on -kofen (-hofen) are colonizing sites of the Metten Monastery. The family name Pankofer, which is common in Bavaria, has its origin here.

Burial ground

The Pankofen – West cemetery is an archaeological site in the Pankofen – West industrial park. It's about 40,000 square feet. In 2009, several skeletons were found in the area, which is very productive for archaeologists. It is assumed that these are the first “real” Pankofener people. Most of the finds date from the early Middle Ages (600 to 800 AD), but also from the La Tène culture , from the 5th century BC onwards. In addition, other areas in and around Pankofen are listed as ground monuments , some of which are still unexplored, with "prehistoric and early historical periods" at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation .

discovery

The industrial area was built on an area that already housed craftsmen in the early Middle Ages, which is why the district archeology investigated the area in advance. The study area is 9,200 square meters, eight weeks were initially estimated for the excavations, which was by far not enough. The excavation map shows 850 sites, including 15 wells, 5 early medieval ovens and 23 graves.

Buildings, wells and stoves

The finds reveal a craftsmen's settlement. There are considerations that the settlement was set up a bit away from the Pankofener settlement because of the fireplaces. How the buildings stood on this site can no longer be determined. There are too many post holes for this, so that no house floor plans could be reconstructed. Obviously the area was rebuilt again and again. In addition, due to the slight slope and erosion, finds had shifted further and further south. The finds are dated from the eighth to the twelfth centuries.

The density of the wells, which initially appears to be quite high, at 15, is put into perspective when one takes into account that the period of use of the settlement is spread over around three centuries. Arithmetically, it can be assumed that at most five wells were built in a century. The wells ensured a constant supply of clean fresh water to the settlement, while surface water in the immediate vicinity was probably not accessible. Even the effort to build the wells did not pose insurmountable tasks for the early historical settlers in view of the high groundwater level. The woods used and the types of construction observed correspond to the well-known fountains of the late early and early high Middle Ages. Securing a well took one week at a time. One of the wells should be preserved.

The function of the ovens cannot be interpreted with certainty. In addition to various conceivable possible uses in the settlement context, in view of the iron slag found, use in the work environment of iron processing and forging is conceivable. This would include heating stoves, forges, food, etc.

Corpse finds

There are a total of 23 body burials, which can be combined into three groups. Above all, the burials in the center and in the west were very close to the surface and could be reached by plowing, so that some losses of graves can be expected here. The damage caused by the plow was clearly visible on some long bones and skulls. These are all west-east oriented graves, whereby the dead were buried in an elongated supine position with the skull in the west according to the early medieval pattern. Eleven children's burials were uncovered, including five small children and twelve adult graves. In some graves remains of wooden coffins were found. With one exception, the graves were empty. Disturbances especially in the chest and pelvic area with displaced and discarded bones can indicate grave robbers. The only grave with grave goods was already disturbed by the plow in the area of ​​the skull. Several unclear iron fragments, a small iron knife under the left thigh, a simple belt buckle made of iron, 22 beads made of clay and glass in the area of ​​the skull, and two simple wire-shaped silver earrings were found among additions. The grave dates to around or after 700. The largest dead body found so far measured 1.87 meters. The body finds are to be stored permanently in Munich. It remains unclear why there were so many graves near the craftsmen's settlement, after all, the Pankofen settlement had its own cemetery.

Despite all the restrictions caused by erosion and plow damage, one can speak of a surprisingly diverse find on the outskirts of Pankofen. Previously, a prehistoric settlement finding in the very typical location at the edge of the terrace was suspected, which combines the advantages of an ecological interface with highly fertile farmland on the terrace and variously usable low terraces and floodplains. The same applies of course to the settlements of the early Middle Ages, which essentially followed the prehistoric use of the landscape. Typical of the time were the large-scale settlement areas with a long duration, which in the present case is probably based on the longer use of several individual farmsteads. This also applies to the proven production or processing of iron or the construction of wells.

The relationship between the cemetery and the present-day village of Pankofen remains unclear. Apart from the fact that part of the settlement is likely to have been destroyed by the modern housing development to the east, it cannot be decided whether the uncovered findings are the forerunners of today's Pankofen or an unnamed desert .

Attractions

  • Branch church to the Holy Family. The neo-Gothic hall with a turret was built in 1882 by Lorenz Heimerl and is listed as a monument at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation.

education and parenting

  • Kindergarten Pankofen (municipal kindergarten)

societies

  • Company sports association Autobahnmeisterei Pankofen
  • Voluntary fire brigade Pankofen eV
  • Warrior and soldier comradeship Pankofen
  • Shooting club Hauser-Moos Pankofen
  • Sports club Pankofen from 1929 eV
  • Stock shooters - SV Pankofen

Personalities

  • Georg Häring (Härring), (1833–1910), member of the Bavarian State Parliament 1870–1871
  • Georg Häring, winner of the Josef Schlicht Medal 1978 for maintaining the Bavarian homeland, culture and customs

literature

  • Gerhard Meixner: Surprise on the outskirts: burial place and settlement with wooden fountains from the late early and early high Middle Ages near Pankofen, town of Plattling, district of Deggendorf - a preliminary report. In: Karl Schmotz (Hrsg.): Lectures of the 29th Lower Bavarian Archaeological Day. 2011. academia.edu
  • Karl Schmotz: Hallstatt Age ditch works in the Deggendorf district (48–57). Hallstatt period ditch systems in the district of Deggendorf. In: Marie Zápotocká, Michael Maria Rind and Karl Schmotz (eds.): Archaeological Working Group East Bavaria / West and South Bohemia. 3rd meeting June 16-19, 1993 in Kelheim. Summaries of the lectures. academia.edu
  • Walter Irlinger: On the question of continuity from the late La Tène period to the early Roman Empire in eastern Upper Bavaria and Lower Bavaria (185–195). The question of continuity from Late Latène to Early Roman in the East of Upper and Lower Bavaria. In: Archaeological Working Group East Bavaria / West and South Bohemia. 12th meeting June 19-22, 2002 in Cheb. Miloslav Chytráček, Jan Michálek and Karl Schmotz (eds.)
  • Georg Häring: Pankofen: Highlights from past and present. Haring, 1993.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB 94240937X , p.   169 ( digitized version ).
  2. ↑ Elisabeth Meixner: Archaeological and paleoecological investigations on late Celtic square entrenchments (Pentling-Poign, district of Regensburg; Plattling-Pankofen, district of Deggendorf; Pocking-Hartkirchen, district of Passau) . Ed .: Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archeology and Provincial Roman Archeology of the University of Munich. ( Online dissertation, in progress; form of publication: series serial no. 888).
  3. ^ Karl Schmotz: The archaeological preservation of monuments in the district of Deggendorf during the year 1994. In: Geschichtsblätter, Issue 18. Geschichtsverein Deggendorf, 1996, accessed on June 8, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Martin Schaich: Schanze with bypass and three wells. In: Journal of Archeology in Germany. Issue 4/1995, pp. 22-25.
  5. ↑ a b Astrid C. Hahne: The first Pankofener had large ovens. In: Passauer Neue Presse . June 10, 2009, p. 31.
  6. ↑ a b K. Rose: Deggendorf. (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Old Bavaria. H. 27). 14, Munich 1971, pp. 17-19; Summarizing the historical situation of the Deggendorf area against the background of the archaeological sources: K. Schmotz: New aspects of the settlement history of the early and older Middle Ages in the district of Deggendorf. In the S. (Ed.): Lectures of the 19th Lower Bavarian Archaeological Day (Rahden / Westf. 2001). Pp. 139-193.
  7. ^ History of the Metten Monastery. Retrieved November 3, 2016 .
  8. ^ Josef Kiening: Reorganization of the Bavarian State Administration 1806–1812 . In: Josef Kiening (ed.): Genealogy in the area northwest of Munich . ( genealogie-kiening.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  9. ^ Josef Kiening: Manorial rule in Old Bavaria . In: Genealogical data collection Kiening . 2008 ( genealogie-kiening.de [accessed October 27, 2016]).
  10. ↑ a b c K. Rose: Deggendorf. (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Old Bavaria. H. 27). 14, Munich 1971. (digitized version)
  11. ↑ At some point you have to stop. In: Plattlinger Zeitung. November 28, 2015, accessed December 16, 2016 .
  12. ↑ Georg Häring: Pankofen, Streiflichter from past and present . Straubing 1993.
  13. ↑ Rosemarie Lühr: Secondary motivation: Depicted on Bavarian place names on -kofen and -kam . In: Contributions to name research . New episode 22, 1987, p. 521-314 ( dwee.eu [PDF]).
  14. ↑ Georg Aichinger: Metten Monastery and its surroundings . 1859, p. 47 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  15. ↑ Konrad Kellermann: A surprising number of dead in the industrial area. In: Passauer Neue Presse. September 9, 2009, p. 30.
  16. ↑ List of monuments for Plattling (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
  17. ↑ Ground monuments Pankofen and the surrounding area in the Bavarian Monument Atlas
  18. ↑ a b Gerhard Meixner: Surprise on the outskirts: burial place and settlement with wooden fountains of the late early and early high Middle Ages near Pankofen, town of Plattling, district of Deggendorf - a preliminary report . In: Karl Schmotz (Hrsg.): Lectures of the 29th Lower Bavarian Archaeological Day . ( academia.edu [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  19. ↑ Georg Häring. In: History of the Bavarian Parliament since 1819. Retrieved on October 31, 2016 .