Eastern Alps gentian

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Eastern Alps gentian
Eastern Alps gentian (Gentiana pannonica)

Eastern Alps gentian ( Gentiana pannonica )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Gentian Family (Gentianaceae)
Genre : Gentians ( Gentiana )
Type : Eastern Alps gentian
Scientific name
Gentiana pannonica
Scop.

The Eastern Alps Gentian ( Gentiana pannonica even Pannonian gentian , Hungarian Enzian or Hungarian gentian called) is a plant from the kind of gentians ( Gentiana ) in the family of the Gentian family (Gentianaceae).

description

Illustration from Germany's flora in images based on nature
Flowers in detail
Habit, opposite leaves and flowers

Vegetative characteristics

The Eastern Alpine gentian is a perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 60 centimeters. All parts of the plant above ground are bare. The stem is erect and strong.

The five- to seven-veined leaves are arranged opposite to one another . The lower leaves have a petiole and are elliptical in shape, the upper ones are sessile and pointed-lanceolate.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from July to September. The flowers sit in the upper leaf axils or cluster at the end of the stem.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical with a double flower envelope . The green sepals are fused. The calyx is bell-shaped and has five to eight outwardly curved calyx teeth. The bell-shaped crown is 25 to 50 millimeters long. It is widened towards the top and has five to nine parts to about the middle, the corolla lobes are ovate. On the outside, the petals are reddish-purple in color and dotted with blackish red, the inside is usually yellowish.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Possible confusion

The Eastern Alpine gentian is particularly similar to the purple gentian ( Gentiana purpurea ).

Occurrence

The Eastern Alps gentian is common in the Eastern Alps , Bergamasque Alps , Carpathians and Transylvania . The western border of the Eastern Alps gentian ( Allgäu , Eastern Switzerland ) coincides with the eastern border of the purple gentian.

The Eastern Alpine gentian thrives best on calcareous , but also low-calcium soils . It is preferred in Central Europe in tall herbaceous and karfluren, moors and pine bushes . The Eastern Alps gentian is a character species of the Nardion association, but is also found in plant communities of the Rhododendro Vaccinienion sub-association.

In Austria the Eastern Alpine gentian is scattered to moderately widespread (for example on the Krippenstein / Dachstein). It is missing in Vienna and Burgenland . In Germany it occurs except in the Alps in the Bavarian Forest .

Taxonomy

Gentiana pannonica was first published by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli . The specific epithet pannonica is derived from the Roman province of Pannonia . Synonyms for Gentiana pannonica Scop. are: Gentiana semifida Hoffmanns. ex Rchb. , Coilantha pannonica G.Don .

Use and endangerment

The Eastern Alpine gentian is an old medicinal plant and is used like the yellow gentian . Since it was used intensively in the past, its populations have shrunk to smaller residual populations. The IUCN therefore lists this species in the “Near Threatened” category. Habitat management plans are planned or are being implemented to protect this species.

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Thomas Gaskell Tutin : Gentiana. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 60 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gentiana pannonica Scop., Hungarian Enzian. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  755 .
  3. ^ Gentiana pannonica in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.1. Posted by: S. Khela, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Ostalpen-Enzian ( Gentiana pannonica )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files