Parmotrema perlatum
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Parmotrema perlatum |
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| ( Huds. ) M.Choisy |
Parmotrema perlatum (Syn .: Lichen perlatus Huds., Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach.), German sometimes also broad-lobed bowl lichen , is a species of leaf lichen that is widespread worldwide. She is lichen of the year 2019.
description
The bearings of Parmotrema perlatum reach up to 20 cm in diameter. The top of the thallus is pearly gray when dry and greenish when wet. It has black cilia on the edges. The underside is black, with unbranched rhizines and a brownish-colored zone on the edge. Especially at the edges she wears sorales , in which the soredia (asexual reproductive units) are formed. Fruit bodies ( apothecia ) are very rare.
Occurrence
The species is found in the northern and southern hemisphere and all continents with the exception of Antarctica. Parmotrema perlatum grows predominantly on bark in sparse deciduous forests, occasionally, especially on coasts, also on silicate rocks.
As a sulfur dioxide - sensitive species, Parmotrema perlatum had almost disappeared from large parts of Europe during the course of industrialization , but it is spreading again as a result of flue gas desulfurization .
Others
Parmotrema perlatum is used as a spice in individual areas of India, especially in Tamil Nadu , under names such as "Kalpasi", "Kalpashi" or "Black stone flower".
Extracts obtained from the lichen showed high antibacterial and fungicidal effects.
The Bryological-Lichenological Working Group for Central Europe named Parmotrema perlatum as the lichen of the year 2019, the re-spread of which is not only a result of the decrease in certain air pollutants, but can also be associated with the advancing global warming as a rather heat- loving species .
Individual evidence
- ^ PN Ravindran: The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Spices , Wallingford, CAB International, 2017, ISBN 9781780643151 , pp. 493ff.
- ↑ Shanu Hoda, Pooja Vijayaraghavan: Evaluation of Antimicrobial Prospective of Parmotrema perlatum Hexane Extract . International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Allied Sciences, Vol. 4, 2, 2015, pp. 47-53
literature
- Volkmar Wirth: Lichen flora . E. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1980, p. 410, ISBN 3-8001-2452-1 , p. 381
Web links
- Description and pictures, Bryological-Lichenological Working Group for Central Europe
- Entry Index Fungorum
- Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria
- Images of British Lichens
- Images by S. Sharnoff
Common yellow lichen (2004) | Pit lichen (2005) | Caperate lichen (2006) | Icelandic moss (2007) | Wolf Lichen (2008) | Reindeer Lichen (2009) | Pink Lichen (2010) | Common fire lichen (2011) | Real lung lichen (2012) | Dwarf Shield Lichen (2013) | Map lichen (2014) | Yellow-fruited sulfur lichen (2015) | Heather (2016) | Hepps Schönfleck (2017) | Fringed umbilical lichen (2018) | Broad-lobed bowl lichen (2019) | Finger Scarlet Lichen (2020)