Paul Marquard Schlegel

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Paul Marquard Schlegel

Paul Marquard Schlegel also: Slegel (* 23 August 1605 in Hamburg ; † 20 February 1653 ibid) was a German doctor and botanist.

Life

Paul Marquard was the son of the businessman Martin Schlegel († 1609) and his wife Cecilie Brandes († 1615). By the age of ten he had lost both parents, so the boy's upbringing was transferred to foster parents. He also attended the Johanneum's school of scholars . At that time, the Hamburg educational institution was under the direction of Rector Paul Sperling (1560-1630), Georg Fabricius (1590-1631 in Poppenbüll) and Johann Starcke (* Lüneburg; † January 26, 1623 in Hamburg) also worked as vice-rectors. In May 1621 Schlegel was at the University of Rostockenrolled without having to take the university oath as a minor. However, there he must have enjoyed his first university education. Schlegel, who was originally intended to be a lawyer, had already developed a taste for the scientific contexts of his environment at an early age. Therefore, he had found a perfectly acceptable point of reference in the study of medical science. The prerequisite for such a degree at that time was the completion of a basic philosophical degree. He probably did this in Rostock, where Georg Dasen (also Dasenius , * Sternberg; † April 27, 1643 in Rostock) taught mathematics, Johann Huswedel gave lectures on the Greek language and rhetoric, Peter Sasse interpreted the logic of Aristotle and the later physician Joachim Stockmann (1592–1653) gave lectures on metaphysics and physics.

In 1626 Schlegel continued his studies at the University of Altdorf , where Georg Nößler , Ludwig Jungermann and Caspar Hofmann taught at the medical faculty. On January 22, 1628 he enrolled at the University of Wittenberg , where Daniel Sennert , Georg Nymmann and Johann Georg Pelshofer held the medical chairs. In addition, Werner Rolfinck received an extraordinary professorship in medicine there that same year, with which he moved to the University of Jena in the summer semester of 1629 . In Jena, alongside Rolfinck, Zacharias Brendel the Younger (1592–1638) and Anton Varus (1557–1637) were the medical teachers. After completing the Ars medicici syllabus in a comprehensive framework , Schlegel embarked on a gentleman's journey on March 22, 1631.

This led him first to the Netherlands, where he enrolled at the University of Leiden on May 26, 1631 . At that time Otto Heurnius , Ewaldus Schrevelius , and Adolphus Vorstius taught the medical sciences there. The medical exercises took place at the anatomical theater , the training in botany was completed at the Hortus Botanicus and the students of the Batavian University had an extensive university library available. Capturing these impressions, he went to England that same year . In 1632 he went on a gentlemanly journey to France , where he stayed for two years in Paris , four months in Lyon and at the end of 1634 in Montpellier . Then he continued his studies in Italy . Here he had further impressions in Rome , Naples and at the University of Padua . After he had acquired the academic degree of a master's degree in philosophical sciences in Padua, he received his doctorate there on March 22, 1636 as a doctor of medicine.

On July 2, 1638, when he returned to Germany, he became professor of medicine and botany at the Salana in Jena. Here he worked with Rolfinck to ensure that a botanical garden was created in the Jena suburb in April 1640. Although this died out in the following years, it was revived at the end of the 18th century and in later years it was also referred to as the Wilhelmine Garden . He also took part in the organizational tasks of the university in Jena. He was dean of the medical faculty four times and rector of the Alma Mater in the winter semester of 1640 . The Duke Wilhelm IV of Saxe-Weimar appointed him ducal councilor and personal physician. In 1642 he accepted the call of sub-syndic in Hamburg.

Here he founded an anatomical theater in the Maria Magdalenen Monastery at the end of 1652, introduced exams for pharmacists and midwives and was the first to teach anatomy publicly in Hamburg. Schlegel showed himself to be a consistent representative of the blood circulation theory of William Harvey , which is reflected in his main work De sanguinis mortu commentatio . According to a Hamburg legend, he was accidentally hit in the face while dissecting a corpse and died as a result of the shock. However, the witnesses who attended that section did not confirm this. Rather, he had already felt uncomfortable before the dissection and died of a fever that was common at the time. In his will Schlegel bequeathed his library, manuscripts, instruments and collections to the Hamburg City Library, which later formed the basis of the Natural History Museum. The Schlegelia from the Crescentiaceen family is named after him. There are two paintings by him. One is in the reading room of the Hamburg State and University Library and another is in the Kunstodien holdings of the University of Jena.

Schlegel married Elisabeth Hüpken, the daughter of the merchant Sweder Hüpken, on December 4, 1643 in Hamburg. There were four sons and two daughters from the marriage, all of whom died before their father. His widow married on May 31, 1657 the mayor's son Lic. Jur. Ulrich Winckel (1622–1680).

Works (selection)

  • Problema, in Spiritus nutriatur externo aere. Altdorf 1627 (Praes. Casp. Hofmann; online )
  • Disp. de Hydrope. Wittenberg 1628 (Praes. Werner Rolflnck; online )
  • Disp. de suffocatlone uterina, per loco in Colleglo medlco habita. Jena 1638
  • De calculo renum et vesicae. Jena 1688 (Resp.Frid. Balduinus)
  • Oratio. Liceatne medicis, tanta muliercularum ignorantia grassante, obstetricum opera defungi? Jena 1638
  • Carmen, Joh. Veslingii observationibus de plantis Aegyptiacis. Padua 1638
  • De Empyemate. Jena 1639 (Resp. Chph. Paul Tham, online )
  • De palpitatione cordis. Jena 1639 (Resp. Gottfr. Vogel; online )
  • Disp. de dentibus. Jena 1639
  • Programma de selectioribus rei herbariae scriptoribus hortisque medicis potioribus, lectionibus botanicis praeroissum. Jena 1639
  • Medicinae Cultoribus SPD eosq [ue] ad demirandas nobilissimae partis, quae Chirurgia dicitur, operationes, officiose invitat. Jena 1639 ( online )
  • De natura lactis. Jena 1640 (Resp. Joh. Theod. Sckenckios)
  • Disp. erysipelate. Jena 1640
  • Disp. de hydrophobia, seu rabie contagiosa. Jena 1640 (Resp.Johannes August Winddorffer; online )
  • Ophthalmographia and Opsioscopia. Jena 1640 (Resp. Chph. Schelhammer)
  • De haemorrhagia in genere. Jena 1640 (Resp.Joh.Wilibald Höpfner, online )
  • De Ascite. Jena 1640 (Resp.Joh.Dammenhan; online )
  • Disp. de saluberrimo delectu venarum in corpore humana secandarum. Jena 1641 (Resp.Johann Christoph Eisenmenger; online )
  • De affectione hypochondriaca. Jena 1641 (Resp. Ad. Haberkorn; online )
  • De epilepsia. Jenae 1642 (Resp. Gilian Gartz, Online )
  • De quartana intermittent. Jena 1642 (Resp.Caspar Sigismund Siburg; online )
  • De ileo. Jena 1642 (Resp.Joh.Aug. Windorfer)
  • Disp. de lue venerea. Jena 1642 (Resp.Johann Christian Vollhart; online )
  • Commentatio de motu sanguinis, in qua praecipue in Joh. Riolani jun. sententiam inquiritur. Hamburg 1650 ( online ), 1652
  • Programma administrationi anatomicae praemissum: Studiosis caelo illud de lapsum. . . commendat eosque ad contemplatlonem admirandae corporis structurae officiose invitat ad. Jan. 25, 1658. In: JA Fabricii: Hantissa Memoriarum Hamb. Vol. IV, p. 410-416
  • Adversaria memorabilium medicorom. In: GH Welsch: Consilia medicinalia. Centuria IV, Ulm 1676

literature

  • Christian Gottlieb Jöcher : General Scholar Lexicon, Darinne the scholars of all classes, both male and female, who lived from the beginning of the world to the present day, and made themselves known to the learned world, After their birth, life, remarkable stories, Withdrawals and writings from the most credible scribes are described in alphabetical order. Verlag Johann Friedrich Gleditsch , Leipzig, 1751, Vol. 4, Sp. 276
  • Schlegel (Paul Marquart). In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 35, Leipzig 1743, column 16 f.
  • Otto Beneke :  Schlegel, Paul Marquard . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 31, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, p. 391 f.
  • Hans Schröder: Lexicon of the Hamburg writers up to the present. W. Maucke, Hamburg 1873, Vol. 6, 547 ( online )
  • August Hirsch , Ernst Julius Gurlt : Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna and Leipzig, 1887, Vol. 5, p. 229
  • Thomas J. Strasmann: Paul Marquard Schlegel (1605-1653). Life sketch of a Hamburg doctor. In: Hamburger Ärzteblatt. 1/1985 ( Online PDF )
  • Paul Marquard Schlegel. In: Nature research and nature studies in old Hamburg. Commemorative sheets in honor of the 90th meeting of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors in Hamburg, September 1928. State and University Library, Hamburg, 1928, p. 23, ( online )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gernet: Messages from the older medical history of Hamburg . W. Maucke and Sons, Hamburg, 1869, p. 189 (digitized version )
  2. ^ E. Ph. L. Calmberg: History of the Johanneum in Hamburg. Johann August Meissner, Hamburg 1829, (digitized version)
  3. ^ Rostock matriculation portal
  4. ↑ he cannot be found in the registers of the University of Altdorf, but letters, an album entry and the dissertation he held there indicate that he was in Nuremberg at the time
  5. ^ Bernhard Weissenborn: Album Academiae Vitebergensis - Younger series. Part 1 (1602–1660), Magdeburg, 1934, p. 317
  6. ^ Georg Mentz, Reinhold Jauernig: The register of the University of Jena. 1548 to 1652. Gustav Fischer, Jena 1944, Vol. 1, p. 285
  7. ↑ Guilielmus du Rieu: Album Studiosorum Academiae Lugduno Batavae MDLXXV-MDCCCLXXV. Martin Nijhoff Verlag, The Hague, 1875, p. 235
  8. ↑ Johann Caspar Zeumer, Christof Weissenborn: Vitae Professorum Theologiae, Jurisprudentiae, Medicinae et Philosophiae qui in illustri Academia Jenensi, from ipsius fundatione ad nostra usque tempora vixerunt et adhuc vivunt una cum scriptis a quolibet editis quatuor classibus. Johann Felici Bieleck, Jena, 1711 p. 41 (medical practitioner)
  9. ^ Karl Eduard Rothschuh . Jean Riolan jun. (1580-1657) in dispute with Paul Marquart Schlegel (1605-1653) about Harvey's blood movement. A Contribution to the History of the Psychology of Scientific Error. In: Gesnerus. Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences. Volume 21 (1964), pp. 72-82 (digitized version )
  10. ^ Otto Beneke: Hamburg stories and legends. Otto Spechter, Hamburg, 1835, p. 311, (digitized version)
  11. ^ Robert Christian Berthold Avé-Lallemant: Yn Gudes names. Dr. med. Joachim Jungius from Lübeck (1587-1657). F. Hirt, 1882, p. 137
  12. ↑ Barbara Oehme: Jena Professors in Portrait. Jena 1983, p. 48
personal data
SURNAME Schlegel, Paul Marquard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Slegel, Paul Marquard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physician and botanist
DATE OF BIRTH August 23, 1605
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH February 20, 1653
Place of death Hamburg