Werner Rolfinck

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Werner Rolfinck, copperplate engraving by Johann Dürr
Rolfinck's house in Jena

Werner Rolfinck , also Rolfink , Latinized Guernerus Rolfincius (born November 15, 1599 in Hamburg , † May 6, 1673 in Jena ) was a German doctor , anatomist , natural scientist and botanist .

Life

Rolfinck's father of the same name was a high school professor at the Johanneum in Hamburg , his mother was Katharina Hermes, the daughter of a councilor in Buxtehude. The grandfather of the same name (* around 1540 Münster / Westphalia; † October 3, 1590 in Hamburg) was rector of the Johanneum. The grandson began his studies in November 1615 at the University of Rostock and moved to the University of Wittenberg on May 6, 1617 . He then turned to medicine under Daniel Sennert , studying from 1618 in Leiden , Oxford , Paris and from September 26, 1622 in Padua . After he had given medical lectures in Venice, among other places, he received his doctorate in medicine on April 7, 1625 in Padua. In 1628 he returned to Wittenberg and became an associate professor of anatomy.

On February 4, 1629 he was appointed professor at the University of Jena , where he represented surgery , anatomy and botany after taking up his post on May 13 . He also set up a chemistry laboratory in which he taught the students. In 1638 he took over the "Exercitium Chymicum", teaching chemistry, and in 1641 was appointed professor of iatrochemistry .

In his experimental research he mainly examined the behavior and the iatrochemical effects of metals such as iron , zinc , tin , lead , mercury , copper , antimony , silver and gold . However, he rejected the view held by alchemists that all metals can be turned into gold. In his "theatrum anatomicum", Rolfinck conducted public sections, especially on executed criminals. This went into a popular saying, according to which criminals in Jena had to fear being "wrinkled" (dissected) after their execution.

Rolfinck spread the doctrine of blood circulation established by William Harvey in 1616 and for the first time confirmed the position of cataracts in the lens of the eye in a dissection . Rolfinck made great contributions to botany. On 11 July 1631 he consecrated in Jena a " hortus medicus a" today's Botanical Garden Jena , where he medical students in the Botany introduced especially of medicinal plants.

Rolfinck also took part in the organizational tasks of the Jena University. He was dean of the medical faculty several times and in the winter semesters 1632, 1638, 1652, 1658, 1666, and in the summer semester 1646 rector of the university . Rolfinck wrote a number of his own medical writings, such as on Hippocrates and Rhazes . He presided over a large number (104) of disputations and had a large group of students overall.

family

From Rolfinck's marriage on February 9, 1642, to Sophia Margareta Plathner (~ February 26, 1624 in Weimar; † after June 8, 1675), a daughter of the Saxon-Weimar council Günther Heinrich Platner (born February 22, 1592 in Sondershausen; † May 2, 1657 in Weimar) and his wife Martha Hertzog, who was married on May 15, 1620 (born December 13, 1596 in Thamsbrück; † November 9, 1653 in Weimar), had five daughters, three of whom died young:

  • Martha Sophia (born November 4, 1643 in Jena; † September 9, 1657 ibid.)
  • Eleonore Sophie (born June 19, 1649 in Jena; † December 21, 1659 ibid.)
  • Anna Catharina (born August 30, 1651 in Jena; † June 8, 1675 in Merseburg), married. on October 15, 1667 with the Merseburg privy councilor and chancellor Johann Christoph Wex
  • Maria Sophia (born June 8, 1658 in Jena), married. with the Saxony-Eisenachian personal physician Johann Otto Horst (* Frankfurt / Main; † March 20, 1711 in Jena)
  • Eleonore Elisabeth (born November 29, 1661 in Jena; † October 20, 1664 ibid.)

Works (selection)

  • Ύμέναιον Όιώνισμα seu Poëma Graecum in nuptias Henr. Winsenii, past. Wilstriensis, et Mariae Tegeneriae. Hamburg 1617
  • Encornion Chymiae. Jena 1641
  • De febre maligna. Jena 1642
  • Non Entia Chymica. 1645 (summary of his Iatrochemical findings)
  • Ordo et methodus medicinae specialis commentatoriae. ... ad normam veterum et novorum dogmatam proposita. Praemittitur Diss. De autoribus practicis. Jena 1654, 1665, Continuatio Jena 1669
  • Epitome methodi adfectus corporis humani particulares secundum ordinem Rhazis etc. Jena 1655, 1675.
  • Dissertationes anatomicae, methodo synthetica exaratae, sex libris comprehensae, theoricis et practicis veterum et recentiorum, propriisque observationibus illustratae et ad circolationem sanguinis accommodatae. Nuremberg 1656
  • Ordo et methodus cognoscendi et curandi febres. Jena 1658
  • Epistola ad uxorem quum ipsi diss. suam de margaritis offerret. Jena 1660
  • Chymia in artis formam redacta et 6 libris comprehensa. Jena 1661, Geneva 1671, Franckfurt 1675, 1686
  • Commentatio in Hippocratis Apborismum I, libri 1. Jena 1662
  • Ordo et methodus partium generationi dicatarum fabricam, per Anatomen cognoscendi, ad normam veterum et recentiorum scriptorum exarata. Jena 1664, 1684 (published under the title: Sacra Eleusinia patefacta etc.)
  • Scrutiniam chymicura vitrioli. Jena 1666
  • Pyretologia, seu Disp., De febribus in genere. Jena 1666
  • Liber de purgantibus vegetabilibus, sectionibus XV absolutus. Jena 1667, 1684
  • Ordo et metbodus medicinae speciales consultatorlae,. . . continens cousilia medica ad normam veterum et novorum dogmatum adornata. Jena 1669, Franckfurt 1675. (under the title: Consilia et responsa medicorum.)
  • Ad Chymiam in artis formam redactam illustrandam notae breves. Jena 1669
  • Non ens chymicum, Mercurius metalloram et mineralium. Jena 1670
  • De vegetabilibus, plantis, suffruticibus. fruticibus et arboribus in genere II. 2. Jena 1670, 1686
  • Diss. De aphtis. Jena 1672
  • Theatrum practicum, in quo omnes affectus, in medicina speciali occurrentes, producuntur et examinantur; opus posthuman. Franckfurt & Leipzig 1686
  • Disputations
    • Disp. de hydrope. Wittenberg 1628
    • Disp. de epilepsia, per loco in ordine medico obtinendo proposita. Jena 1692
    • Disp. de dolore capitis. Jena 1629
    • Disp. de melancholia. Jena 1629
    • Disp. de phrenilide. Jena 1629
    • Disp. de letnargo. Jena 1629
    • Disp. de apoplexia. Jena 1630
    • Disp. de paralysi. Jena 1632
    • Disp. de chyliflcatione et circulatione sanguinis. Jena 1632
    • Disp. de febris malignae natura et curatione. Jena 1638
    • Disp. de epilepsia. Jena 1640
    • Disp. de arthrilide. Jena 1644
    • Disp. de melanchoiia taypochondriaca. Jena 1644
    • Disp. de scorbulo. Jena 1648
    • Disp. de ictero flavo. Jena 1650
    • Disp. de arteriis. Erfurt 1651
    • Disp. de cbylo et sanguine. Jena 1652
    • Disp. de inandatione microcosmi. Jena 1652
    • Disp. de hepate, ex veterum et recentiorum propriisque observationibus concinnata et ad circulationem sanguinis accommodata. Jena 1653
    • Disp. de palpitatione cordis. Jena 1654
    • Disp. de catarrbo suffocativo. Jena 1655
    • Disp. de salivatione. Jena 1656
    • Disp. de Incobo sive Ephialte. Jena 1668
    • Disp. de Vertigine. Jena 1659, 1665
    • Disp. de sanguificatione laesa. Jena 1659
    • Dispute. 6 chymicae. Jena 1660, 1679
        1. de tartaro.
        2. de sulpbore.
        3. de margarilis.
        4. de perfectis metallis duobus, aaro et argento.
        5. de antimonio.
        6. de imperfectis metallis duris duobus, ferro et capro.
    • Disp. de fluore albo malierum. Jena 1661
    • Disp. de syncope. Jena 1662
    • Disp. de scabie. Jena 1662
    • Disp. de mola. Jena 1662
    • Disp. de artbritide. Jena 1663
    • Disp. de podagra. Jena 1663
    • Disp. de chylificatione laesa. Jena 1663
    • Disp. de enterocele, sive hernia. Jena 1664
    • JB Schmidt: Disp. de lapide bezoar. Jena 1665
    • Disp. de lue Venerea. Jena 1666
    • Disp. de ebrietate et crapula. Jena 1667
    • Disp. de quartana intermittente. Jena 1667
    • Disp. de scropbulis seu strumis. Jena 1667
    • Disp. de phihisi. Jena 1667
    • Disp. de diaria. Jena 1668
    • Disp. de curatione ascitis. Jena 1668
    • Disp. de ileo. Jena 1669
    • Disp. de gutta serena. Jena 1669
    • Disp, de. . . seu pervigilio. Jena 1669
    • Disp. de catarrho narium. Jena 1669
    • Disp. de dysenteria maligna. Jena 1672
    • Disp. de phrenitide. Jena 1672

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Robert Jütte : Werner Rolfinck , In: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann (eds.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the present. CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich 1995, pp. 307–308, ´; 2nd edition ibid 2001, pp. 268–269; 3rd edition Springer Verlag, Heidelberg / Berlin / New York 2006 p. 280. doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29585-3 .

Web links

Commons : Werner Rolfinck  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Rolfinck, Werner
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor, naturalist and botanist
DATE OF BIRTH November 15, 1599
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH May 6, 1673
Place of death Jena