Fur house

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Pelzhaus , historically Peltz-Haus , also furrier house or general show house were named in the Middle Ages and even considerably later the sales outlets in which the furriers together offered their fur goods , especially during trade fairs . In the beginning they served mainly as official joint trading centers where the buyer could find a larger selection of the same goods and where sales could be monitored. With the reputation and power of the guilds , the need for their own guild houses grew , which offered sufficient space for commercial meetings, morning speeches , elections, etc., but also for socializing. The corporation's property, such as ark , banners, war equipment, tableware, etc. was also kept here.

The fur houses

By far not all cities or towns had such an institution, as it was not defined uniformly across the empire.

  • As early as 1265, the Pelzer owned a place in Hamburg that was given to them by the city at the old slaughterhouse on the Alster , in the area of ​​today's town hall (1975), in the former Gerberstrasse, which from 1527 was called Behind the Wide Gable. Here they had a building called a "white bag egg" built for business purposes. The former office building was only demolished in 1817. However, it seems uncertain whether the house was built in 1269 not by the Pelzer, but by order of the Beutler and Weißgerber .
  • In Münster during the broadcast to Michaelis , the local Pelzer guild organized an exhibition of their goods at the "Schohus". Foreign furriers were also allowed to offer their products during this time, but only on the broadcast.
The former guild house of the furriers in Frankfurt am Main in 1915
  • In 1524, the furriers in Frankfurt am Main bought the Zeilsheim house in Schnurgasse , at the corner of Trierische Gasse , the most important street in the city at the time, for 100 guilders . Instead of the dilapidated building, they had a stately guild house built here. The funds that had been saved up for years were not enough; In order to repay the credit required for this, the entrance fee for new self-employed masters was increased considerably with the consent of the city council. The beautiful house was only destroyed in 1944, towards the end of the last world war.
  • When the city of Munich bought Impler 's house on Schrannenplatz, today's Marienplatz , at the beginning of the 15th century and had it converted into a city drinking hall, the furriers got their own vault in the building to sell their goods.
  • The Peltz House in Vienna was located in Krebsgasse until 1357, with the back facing the “Berghof”. The Krebsgasse flowed from the Hohen Markt into the Stern- and Pressgasse and was built a long time ago. It was located in today's area of Salvatorgasse and Fischerstiege . In 1677 the Viennese guild in Wipplingerstraße was granted permission to tanning and dressing the skins in its own house, which was also called the Beizhaus . It is no longer possible to find out exactly where this pickling house was. However, there are reports of strict requirements due to the heavily polluted wastewater and the considerable odor nuisance.
  • In Paris the pelletiers, the fur traders, offered their wares for sale in the halls. A parliamentary resolution of December 23, 1367 stipulated that the pelletiers should go to the hall every week, on Wednesdays and Saturdays, and not sell in their home.
  • In 1362, the furriers' first joint shops, called "Kotce" (puke), existed in Prague . The guild bought the raw material together and distributed it to the members by lot. The manufacture of fur objects was strictly monitored and wages and sales prices were regulated equally. The sale of the finished goods was only allowed in these puke, which were also distributed to the members by lot for a period of one year.
The Prague furriers were united in two guilds, the first guild order of the furriers of the old town was created in 1418, it essentially corresponded to the new town order. Another furrier guild for the Lesser Town and the furriers of the city of Hradschin was established in the 16th century . In the puke that the furriers shared with the cloth makers, there were 102 places for furriers in this epoch. The furriers were also not allowed to sell at the trader's market, where second-class goods were sold; they were prohibited from producing inferior goods.
  • In the Turkish Constantinople , today's Istanbul, the furriers had their sales warehouse in the large bazaar " Kapalı Çarşı " and in the "Kürktschi-Han" in Stambul . The huge complex of the large bazaar with around 400 rooms, built in the Greek Orthodox style, with arches and one and a half meters thick walls was formerly a monastery, it is still a sight of the city. In the furriers' department, as in most of the oriental shops, the stalls with their displays on the street were too open. Selling often took place on the street. A description from 1902:
“The» usta «(master) brings the things, mostly fur lining composed of pieces, and cleverly places them in such a way that the buyer's gaze falls over the hair and not towards it. In the background of the booth, the journeymen crouch on a kind of dais with their legs crossed, and work without measures or tools on the lining of an item of clothing ; in the absence of a work table, the floor must serve. In the street formed by these furrier booths and covered with a glass roof, there is a lot of life. Here, too, the brokers bring up worn fur items, often including objects of value, by shouting loudly. "
At the Edika Kastorian Fur Center, Kastoria
“The Rubic House is located near this street, in whose courtyard and first floor there are also fur warehouses, but with better stocks. The owners are Armenians and Karamanlie (people from the Karamania region in Asia Minor) who, in addition to the retail business, also operate wholesalers. The nearby »Jagdschi-Han« is also home to some fur traders. "
"In Kürktschi-Han" (Han means defective goods), there are fur magazines on both sides of the gate; in the courtyard and in the gallery surrounding it, furrier workshops. In most of these low, nothing less than clean rooms, Greek and Bulgarian furriers deal with putting together fodder from lamb and sheepskins . On the right in the second courtyard is the dressmaker's department . Your art is also very primitive. As in the whole domestic industry, work is always done according to the "father's style". [...]
  • The Greeks who came to Constantinople from the province of Kastoria had learned their craft in their homeland. The main town of Kastoria and the nearby Siatista are still centers of fur and fur scraps processing today; the North Macedonian town of Ohrid was formerly part of it. Only recently has the “Edika Kastorian Fur Center” been located in Kastoria, a joint sales center for the local furriers. If there is sufficient demand, affluent customers are flown in from Arab countries and Russia, and the flight was free of charge with the appropriate purchase.

Leipzig

Ledger book of the furriers of Leipzig from 1524

In 1419 the Leipzig council had concluded a contract with the shoemakers because of the shoe shop they had built, that the shoemakers should sell in the fairs and on the market and during this time the "korsener or other luten", the furriers or other people, the premises of their house could be left. In 1772 it was reported that it was only used by the furriers.

Stalls had been set up on the top floor using wooden crates, which the head master raffled off. There were opportunities to do business in the workshop, but this was limited to a few items, the sale had to be completed in the fur store beforehand. The oldest preserved Leipzig fur house order seems to have been lost, but a council order from January 3, 1542, reminding of an earlier decision, has been preserved:

"A Erbar Ratt tutt submission with the hawks have uff the Kurschner haussement virnewen (renew) and entpfielt which kurschnern and those Jenigen that made Rauchwerg have for sale. She resides here in the city or wherever she comes from visiting this year, that she would be made for the next future and all following Merckte Irish. It could be Peltze, Mitzen, Kurschen or whatever it would like to have for sale at the Kurschner house, before you can also officially and illegally prescribe the stende. "

The main book of Johann Georg Herttel from 1524 mentions the Leipzig Peltz House :

“The so-called Peltz House was also called the show house in ancient times because the shoe makers sell under the fair [that is to say: during the fair!] On the lowest floor, but the furriers on that Top floor. "

The fur house was soon no longer sufficient, and the furriers moved into a special fur floor during the fair. The first was on the upper floor of the town hall on the market, built in 1556 under Hieronymus Lotter . It was an ideal place, almost all visitors to the fair had to run errands here and Brühl with its fur traders was barely three hundred paces away. “At a goods fair with its numerous vaults, barrels and booths, the fur floor was an unusual facility [...]. (Apart from the dressmakers, no other trade offered the foreigners such a concentrated overview of its capabilities as the furrier trade). "

The council that made the rooms available decreed on December 5, 1560: "The furriers should have their skirts ... divided by the decreed gentlemen of the council ... and how the decreed gentlemen of the council divide it, it should remain that way". However, the head master of the fur house did not like this tutelage and the council actually gave in. Five days later, on December 10, 1560, a new instruction was issued with the preservation of the rights of the old masters, because “of the chief masters of the furrier handicraft, the stende half ufm hause with the return of the same come up with a merciful advice clage. According to the number of masters whose itzo together are five and fourteen ”, representatives of the council should now“ safely assign four ells less than half a quarter to each of them ”and the“ Stendt remain in their number and size. If one or more young masters would like to become in the future, they should not be excluded, be satisfied with the place and position instructed by the chief masters, as long as the stand [is] done away with forever by the death of a master then the other masters move up with the Stendten, so that the youngest master has the rear and the last position, and such errors and quarrels are to be prevented and so kept. "

Marktplatz, in front of the Leipzig fur house during the Calvinist storm . One of the main actors, the furrier journeyman Ambrosius Bartsch, known as the prince, was also beheaded here in 1593 (1593)

A few years later, in 1572, the council had the castle cellar and with it a new craftsman's house built. The shoemakers moved to the lower level and the furriers to the upper level. Soon it was referred to as the fur house, because the shoemakers set up their stands in Schuhmachergasse and Nikolaistraße for the fair. The entire house was thus available to the furriers for a limited period. The sales situation was so good that foreign furriers also asked for a stand. The advice complied with the suggestion that the Leipzig furriers remained on the ground floor, while the colleagues from outside moved to the upper floor for the duration of the fair. The fur house, of which no picture has survived, was renewed in 1572 in order not to "cut off" the castle cellar. It is likely to have stood directly behind the castle cellar or the former police office, which was demolished in 1908.

In the fur house at the castle cellar, unlike in the town hall, the guild decided. In 1692 she made an order for the fur floor. Colleagues were forbidden to "prop up or bring poles to the fur house in front of the loess if there was a penalty [of] 3 groschen". From now on, the guild was raffling off the allocated stands, which had previously been allocated according to seniority at a disadvantage for the younger furriers. In 1717, the master Johann Peter Werle did not pay the bill for his stand in front of the fair, because of the violation of discipline he was called in front of the drawer and sentenced to pay one thaler. He felt the penalty was unfair and refused to pay, whereupon he was excluded from the raffle for the stands.

Loud advertising of the goods was frowned upon. When two neighbors got violent and caused a riot, Master Knabe was supposed to pay six groschen for his wife. The historian Fellmann reports on the reaction of one of the spouses: "In front of the" table "he said with a smile that he liked to pay, because after all, no joke is free, and only the memory of the helplessness of the oh-so-strict headmaster in the face of the angry women on the fur floor give him a lot of pleasure. (The boy owed the ark the six groschen, tacitly overlooked by the head master). ”A particularly serious violation was the use of“ smugglers ”, who approached strangers on the street to bring them to the booth of a certain master. In order to prevent fraud and the sale of bad goods, for example “old things sold as new”, the master builders removed the stands before the fair opened. It was forbidden to subsequently bring further goods to the stand without calling in a foreman again.

As early as 1697 three masters tried to get out of the confines of the fur house and to be more visible in public, because "a poor master who can manufacture small goods must spoil almost all of them if he offers such manufactured goods in the Peltz house for sale should, because he partly not hang them up there, but would have to have most of these goods in boxes for the ultimate peril, the buyer also partly not look there ”. The guild might not agree, they suspected that other furriers would follow suit. The masters then turned to August the Strong , who advised a comparison. Therefore, on July 16, 1706, the guild decreed that: “None of us masters should be authorized to sell at the Peltz Hauße and the market at the same time, the same thing that no one has more than a booth ... and nothing inside but hats and Such small goods should be entitled to have for sale ”- which meant the end of the monopoly position of the fur house.

When the outdated Leipzig fur house had to be demolished 255 years after its construction, a guild clerk noted in 1827:

"If one of my successors would like to know in which the so-called Peltz house, which is described in this section with all the inconveniences, annoyances and squabbles, was located? Then serve for the message: There where the current Stockhaus is, namely on the corner of the Naschmarkt and Salzgäßchen [since 1904 " Handelshof "]. "

On the site of the fur house, the council was now given construction clearance for a prison. The guild asked the council “to instruct her and the foreign furriers to use the fencing and cloth flooring in the Gewandhaus during the three main fairs in exchange for a cheap amount appropriate to the current and other conditions”. The city agreed to this in return for the payment of only 16 groschen per stand and exhibition. But only seven local furriers used this offer for the third Leipzig fur floor, plus thirteen from Taucha , one from Borna and one from Markranstädt .

Mess booths on the Leipzig market around 1850. At that time, the furriers no longer owned a fur house and rented a booth for the fair. The tobacco shops, on the other hand, preferred vaults on the Brühl .

During trade fairs, the Leipzig furriers originally offered their products exclusively in the Peltz house. It was only after 1860 that the tobacco shop began operating all year round. The foreign traders sold in the vaults, in the courtyards and in the hallways. However, there are numerous pictures of furrier workshops and shops that have a very personal character. Often these sheets show other trades at the same time, without it being clear whether they, or some of them, were housed in a common store. At least since 1724 there was a great effort to get their own stalls on the market. In 1738 there were disputes: “Since some masters had not been serving the Peltz Hauß for cheap sales for some time, but instead kept Meße vaults and had Meßen Zeite stalls set up on the market and which kept fine vaults ... that the same masters which were still on the pelt house had very bad sales besides the fair. Therefore, some Masters came back to the idea of ​​Ew. Advice to stop, whether one would like to allow us to have the goods in them for sale in addition to the fairs ... in which weeks of market stalls are being built. "

The council had to realize that the furriers in the fur house were at a disadvantage if the customers were already buying on the street and did not even visit the house. On December 10, 1738, he had the head master ask all the masters whether they would not at least want to allow stalls to be allowed on market days. All masters voted for it. The majority (12: 8) only wanted to sell small goods. The next day the council admitted that “those local furrier masters ... who want to have their made hats, muffs, paladins or hand slippers ... for sale in the public market, not only kindly allowed such a place, but also any place with the required booths In 1747 fodder was allowed for sale in the booths and vaults, but still no furs. Which apparently meant that only fur-lined clothing (= furs) was not allowed to be offered there, fur coats and fur jackets with the hair on the outside were not yet in fashion.

Since the 18th century, more and more foreign, mainly Jewish fur and leather dealers came to the Leipzig Fair. There was an accumulation of these merchants settling around the street Brühl , in the vicinity of which one of the three most important world trading centers for fur skins developed in the 19th century. Since the 19th century, furrier shops for end consumers have also opened up here. The fur trade became the city's largest taxpayer.

Section 1 of the rules of procedure of the national association of German furriers , which was formed in the early 1880s, said:

The " Association of German Furriers " aims to give its members the opportunity to offer and sell game goods , tails, pieces and other goods directly on the Leipzig market through a sales point in Leipzig .

A club member living in Leipzig should take control of this. At the end of the event, an auction of the unsold goods should take place, at a minimum price set by the sender. However, this point of sale, which was only intended for members of the industry, had to contend with difficulties and already closed again the following year.

The internationality of the Leipzig fur trade ended in 1933 with the expulsion of the Jewish merchants by the National Socialists . It retained a certain importance until the Second World War and later, again considerably less, in the GDR. The Leipzig fur trade quickly disappeared completely after German reunification , and skinning became almost insignificant. After the war, the Leipzig tobacco merchants relocated their trading center to Frankfurt am Main, where a fur trading center with the same global importance as Leipzig existed for several decades around Niddastraße, now known as " Frankfurter Brühl " in the fur industry .

Wroclaw

  • Guild flag of the Breslau Furriers' Guild from 1886

  • front

  • back

The Wroclaw furrier guild had assumed the patronage obligations for the small, later St. Christopher's Church since 1343, at that time it was still consecrated to Mary of Egypt . Since then, she has raised “not small sums” for the maintenance and, after 1400, the new building of the church. The furriers derived considerable rights from this care. The large attic with its spacious chambers initially became their warehouse and small wooden stalls for furrier goods were built around the walls. The very last furriers' stalls on Weidenstrasse were only demolished in 1881.

From 1409 to 1711, the furriers' guild then owned their own property, the "Corsican House", which the guild members also called the "Zechhaus". Originally, however, the furriers' sales outlets were on the ground floor of the town hall, above the Schweidnitzer basement, and since November 1615 in the butterfly house adjoining the north side of the ring , the linen weavers were on the west side . Some types of buildings (ring booths) belonged to the butterfly house, which were given to the furriers in turn. The purpose was to allow each of the commercial members of the cooperative to enjoy a good sales location as evenly as possible, given the built-in, poorly exposed location of the butterfly house. In general, the entire guild order of the furriers was aimed at granting all members an even income, without too great deviations downwards, but also not upwards. During the fairs, the ring buildings were the usual sales outlets. Whoever exhibited in the butterfly house was not allowed to offer his goods in the ring building at the same time. Around Christmas time at the Kindelmarkt, the furriers hawked in 20 to 30 huts on the green tube side, not far from the butterfly house. If you wanted to build a ring hut, you had to register beforehand because of the distribution of space on the Zechhaus. In the oldest accounting book from 1402 this is already mentioned for such buildings "of dem rothus" under the editions.

Precise rules of conduct existed for the confined space. As early as the beginning of the 15th century, the hanging of the individual places was regulated by arbitrariness, the city rights. The transfer of an unused sales point to another person offering a sale, the mediation of such and the refusal to move to a vacant position was punished with 1 guilder. Those who did not occupy their booth or even someone else's booth paid a fine of 6 groschen. Every year around fasting , the stands were measured and drawn anew. For this, the master had to be present in any case, if he did not want to end up at the very end of the allocation (1596).

Since the furriers had their new sales outlets in the butterfly house, the following rules apply:

The whole room, which consisted of two passages, was divided into 57 “buildings” marked with numbers. The youngest masters initially received the good status to enable them to start their careers cheaply, later they were instructed in poorer buildings. The old master who was no longer able to work, on the other hand, enjoyed the permanent privilege of a preferred sales point in the butterfly house. His widow was also allowed to do so, provided she did not remarry.

This order remained unchallenged for a long time, despite an intermittent dispute in 1652 between the elders and the youngest. The young furriers complained that they had to give way to all six elders in the burrows. They achieved that only the three senior elders were each allowed to pre-select a position on the butterfly house before the general draw, which now probably took place every quarter. In all other conflicts, the age of the master craftsman usually decided. In accordance with the later much higher number of guild members, two masters were able to hold a booth together because of the apparent lack of available classes, although this was originally frowned upon because of the evasion of demurrage. In this case each time "the oldest should owe the youngest to step". The old stand regulations were also changed in such a way that no narrowing of the sales outlets with boxes without the consent of the peddlers, no blocking of the already narrow passages was allowed. Above all, it was forbidden to additionally reduce the incidence of light from the small windows by covering them with goods. The use of fire pots, which were used instead of stoves during the winter, was prohibited because of the risk of fire.

It seems strange that despite the narrowness and darkness and other inadequacies, the shop, which was not very inviting for customers, survived into the 19th century. However, the wealthy guild members had long since had open shops and vaults for their well-stocked warehouses, in which they offered their products despite the prohibitive statutes, insisting on the right to self-help. They rightly objected that the dark butterfly house almost repulsed many distinguished customers, who then covered their needs from foreign sellers. As early as 1652, the youngest and poor masters complained that the elders and wealthy were hanging out in open shops like a merchant and selling in houses, which would harm the poor masters. They recalled, albeit without significant success, that according to the guild custom, the butterfly house was prescribed for every buyer as the sole sales outlet.

  • “Location plan of the furriers' stalls on the Breslau butterfly house”, 1693
  • Location plan of the furriers' stalls on the Breslau Butterfly House, 1693 (a) .jpg

Basel

Coat of arms of the furriers' guild in Basel (1719)
Coats of arms of the furrier guild in Basel (16th century)

In Basel, Switzerland, there are many similarities to the use of the furriers' guild house in Wroclaw in northern Germany. In the history of the association, written on behalf of the guild board of the furriers' guild in Basel for the six hundredth anniversary, it said in 1926:

“The guild house only served the commercial interests of the guild during the fair as a so-called» fur house «. As late as the nineteenth century, the master furriers - each at a special table or table assigned by lot. Stand - their goods for sale. At the time of the Mass, the foreign masters were also allowed to sell in the fur house alongside the local masters. Also in the Zunfthof, where the neighboring Schnabel landlord was otherwise allowed to display his traveling coaches, stalls with fur goods were set up ”.

The guild arbor "under the spurs" or in the Sporengasse was the oldest property of the Basel furriers. In addition to the wool weaver's guild arbor or gray cloths, it bordered the former Richthaus on the “Pfauenberg”, while its rear building “by the lower“ bowls ”of the butchers” found the market square.

Above all, the furrier arbor was used for the sale of fur goods for the traditional comrades. It was only used secondarily for meetings and other guild business. According to the order of 1347, each of the six guild boards, “the new sixes had to pay the old sixes an account of all compulsory costs for the administration of the guild assets in the guild arbor, with the express provision that on this occasion nothing was wasted or consumed from the guild bag may be ".

In 1553 the Basel furrier guild was one of the first guilds to acquire its own house, the "Mannenhof" on Gerbergasse, named after the wealthy Jew Salman Unkel, who bought Geseße in 1284 from the knight Hugo Reich and his sisters. As the largest house of the small Jewish community that had developed on the old Rindermarkt and the surrounding area, the Mannenhof remained in Jewish hands until the cruel persecution of Jews in 1349 , which Basel got rid of all its Jews and thus also its main creditors for a decade.

After the murder of the Jews, the Mannenhof was owned by the knight Werner Schaler von Benken and his wife Katharina Münch. From them the furrier master Johans Luchs “bought the Mannenhof for his and the guild hands for the sum of 415 Florentine guilders. In addition to the purchase price, four shillings of ordinary Basel pfennigs had to be paid as an annual contribution by the canon to a foundation for soul masses at the castle. Later, the furriers paid eight pounds and one shilling a year to the St. Peter monastery and also to the St. Jakob church. It was not until 1862 that the guild bought itself out of the annual ground rent of four pounds twelve shillings to be paid at the light fair. "

As a successor to the terrible Basel earthquake of 1356 , the furriers sold their guild house in 1360 for 200 guilders to Katharina Brotpeckin and lent it back from her for eight pounds a year. A similar transaction took place again later, when in 1448 master Conrad Kilchmann bought "der kürsener louben". But despite all the obvious difficulties, the house was ultimately owned by the guild. Like the former arbor on Sporengasse in the 13th century, since 1353 the ground floor of the guild house on Gerbergasse has been used again as a common shop for the guild members. There was also the box called St. Erhardsstock, into which, according to a judicial clientele of the year 1424, after each sale, buyers and sellers, had to pay a certain amount of money in favor of the guild, but not through the hand of the seller, but another master furrier who witnessed the purchase.

Initially, the entire guild community determined "umb all sachen ir hus and loube encountering", since 1416 the administration and all matters affecting the guild house were in the hands of a board and a committee of five honorable men from the furrier trade. When the furriers had four wide windows installed instead of the narrow peepholes in 1394, they got into trouble with their neighbors. They were obliged to frame the windows that had been open until then, and to cover them with canvas or parchment, glazing was still a rarity. After the furriers twice had quarrels in connection with the rear part of the house, they sold "the rear guard and the stockh with both courtiers and the schidmur, so an guild house", for twenty-five gold guilders to their neighbor Hans Beckhel and his wife Anna Eßlingerin, the innkeepers to Schnabel. The front part of the Mannenhof remained the property of the guild for another three decades.

For four decades in the 17th century, the hawkers offered their bread in the Kürschnerhaus. The furriers, however, were bothered by the noise they made. In addition, they kept a coal fire constantly in winter, so that, according to the guild board, it was soon to be compared more to a "cabbage house" than a guild house, in that it was not only completely blackened in its lower rooms, but "because the coal moved back and forth in all made was filled with ash “. Not only that the furrier goods suffered noticeable damage as a result, one also saw the risk of fire, “because everything is known to be made of wood and the adjacent farm to the Schnabel is full of hay and straw, that apart from this, a conflagration easily occurs and both our guild of honor and the neighboring ones The submission to the council was successful and he looked for other accommodation for the hawkers.

The fur house on the lower floor, only ever used as a shop and storage area, never had any special decoration of the furnishings. The guild room on the first floor, on the other hand, still looked cozy in the first half of the 18th century:

“There was a paneling all around. The windows were decorated with painted panes. On one wall was a huge walnut buffet, a "sideboard" and a pouring barrel board with a brass pouring barrel. Further furnishings included two large round tables made of walnut wood and twelve high, carved armchairs decorated with the guild coat of arms, on which were silk-embroidered "bank kisses" for convenience. Seckelmeister and scribe kept their writing in an oak chest. The buffet contained the guild's silver tableware, including a silver-gilt, sixty- lot mug in the shape of a man and about two dozen silver table mugs, so-called six-cups; For, as with the other guilds, it has been the custom for furriers since the seventeenth century that every new six after its introduction to the great council - the totality of the six of all guilds formed the great council - of the guild a silver-gilded cup, the councilor and master Two guilders each, and one guilder for each six in the cup. The donation of a six-cup was abolished to furriers in 1773. The guild board decided that in future a newly elected six should pay twenty guilders in the guild gulden instead of the cup, along with the aforementioned fee to the superiors. But so that the memory of the superiors might remain in "blessing", the guild had a silver-studded coat of arms produced in the same year for the price of fifty guilders, in which from then on each superior was inscribed "gender, name, birth, promotion and death". In addition to the silver drinking vessels, the buffet contained a dozen silver spoons donated by the Irtenmeister, a dozen cutlery and two silver salt cans. The most beautiful ornament of the guild was not kept in the guild house, but in the house of the ruling master. It was that shiny crown of honor that was placed on the head of the newly elected master as "kräzlin" after the election by the retiring master. It was sold by the guild for 77 francs in 1829 at the request of Councilor Hübscher. "

In 1840 the guild planned structural changes, but then shied away from the budgeted costs. In 1852 the board of directors decided to sell the guild house, and the minimum price was set at 48,000 francs. However, there was no sale and the house was rented for years, from December 31, 1874 to the company G. Kiefer for 3000 francs a year. When the condition of the house had become too bad, the board of directors had the 338 square meter property auctioned, whereby G. Kiefer acquired it for 70,000 francs. The Historical Museum has kept three panes and a coat of arms as mementos, which appeared again during renovation work in 1872 and was then restored and framed, "with in some cases excellently painted emblems of masters and superiors of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries" (see illustrations) .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Alexander Tuma: Pelz-Lexikon. Fur and Rauhwarenkunde, Volume XX . Alexander Tuma, Vienna 1950, p. 108 , keyword “Peltz-Haus” .
  2. ↑ Paul Larisch : The furriers and their characters . Self-published, Berlin 1928, p. 86.
  3. ↑ No apparent author information: 600 years of furrier trade in Hamburg . In: Rund um den Pelz Heft 11, 1975, pp. 59-60. Note: primary sources are M. Wichmann (1863), FH Neddermeyer: Hamburgische Statistik , 1847.
  4. ↑ C. Schmitz: The organization of the furrier trade . In: Der Kürschner , Vocational Training Committee of the Central Association of the Kürschnerhandwerk (Ed.), JP Bachem Publishing House, Cologne, 2nd edition 1956, p. 22.
  5. ^ Franz Lerner: From the history of the Frankfurt furrier craft . In: Die Pelzwirtschaft No. 4, April 1962, after p. 43.
  6. ^ Jürgen Grothe: The furriers in Munich . In: Die Pelzwirtschaft , Heft 8, 1972, p. 50.
  7. ↑ www.modewien.at, Johann Malus: The history of the furrier trade . Created on the basis of the work Pelloni, Kursener and Wildwerker . Vienna 1898. Last accessed May 30, 2019.
  8. ^ A b c d Paul Larisch , Josef Schmid: Das Kürschner-Handwerk . Volume 2, No. 17 + 18, self-published, Paris, April-May-June 1904, pp. 43, 69, 78.
  9. ^ Paul Schöps: The furrier guilds in Prague. According to sources in the Prague City Archives (Dr. J. Čarek). In: Das Pelzgewerbe No. 2, 1962, Hermelin-Verlag Dr. Paul Schöps, Berlin, Vienna et al., Pp. 74-77.
  10. ^ Francis Weiss : From Adam to Madam . From the original manuscript part 2 (of 2), (approx. 1980 / 1990s), in the manuscript p. 206 [210]. (English).
  11. ↑ Commons: Photos of the Edika Kastorian Fur Center .
  12. ^ Johann Samuel Heinsius: Pragmatic storyline of the city of Leipzig ... Leipzig 1772. Last accessed May 4, 2019.
  13. ↑ a b Erich Rosenbaum: The early cooperative work regulations and ties of the Leipzig furrier guild . In: Das Pelzgewerbe, Volume X / New Series, 1951 No. 1, p. 23.
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Walter Fellmann: The Leipziger Brühl . VEB Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig 1989, pp. 11-12, 40-45.
  15. ↑ Main book Before E. Ehrsames Handwerck der Kürschner which describes parts drawn up in Drey, what happened in 1524 in the registered guild. Described and collected by Johann George Herttel as a craftsman's scribe. Leipzig 1737 ( → title page) .
  16. ^ Jean Heinrich Heiderich: The Leipziger Kürschnergewerbe . Inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate from the high philosophical faculty of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität zu Heidelberg, Heidelberg 1897, pp. 122–123.
  17. ↑ Author not recognizable in the excerpt: The church of the furriers' guild . In: Breslauer Nachrichten No. 31, 1967.
  18. ↑ panoramastreetline.de Note: “The entire east side of the Breslauer Großer Ring, the main market of the Lower Silesian capital (Polish: Wroclaw Rynek). Historically it is also referred to as the Green-Röhr-Seite and consists of the numbers 29-41. "
  19. ↑ a b c d Fritz Wiggert: Origin and development of the old Silesian furrier trade with special consideration of the furrier guilds in Breslau and Neumarkt . Breslauer Kürschnerinnung (Ed.), 1926, pp. 167–169, 301 ( → book cover and table of contents ).
  20. ^ Membership numbers of the Wroclaw furrier guild and other Silesian furrier guilds in the 16th to 19th centuries .
  21. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Paul Kölner: The furriers guild in Basel. 1226-1926 . On behalf of the guild board. Pp. 24-25, 53-67.
  22. ↑ In 1926: No. 14, property G. Kiefer & Co.