Cystid Bark Mushrooms

Cystid Bark Mushrooms
Pine cystid bark fungus ( Peniophora pini )
Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina Class : Agaricomycetes Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis) Order : Russulales (Russulales) Family : Cystid bark relatives (Peniophoraceae) Genre : Cystid Bark Mushrooms
Scientific name
Peniophora
( Pers  .: Fr. ) Cooke

The cystid bark mushrooms ( Peniophora ) are a genus of flat growing wood mushrooms from the family of cystid bark mushroom relatives (Peniophoraceae) and are related to the deaf family .

The type species is the oak cystid bark fungus ( Peniophora quercina ).

features

Fruiting bodies annual or perennial, spread out over the entire surface or rolled up at the edges, smooth to warty, waxy to leathery, bright yellow over red-gray-violet-brown in various shades; Edge finely fringed and sterile, at least in young women; Spore powder imprint pale reddish.

Hyphae texture monomitic, young hyphae thin-walled, hyaline under the microscope, white or light pink to the naked eye, older hyphae often with thickened walls, in most species brown at least near the substrate; Cystids always present as encrusted metuloids or as sulfocystides; some species with dendrohyphidia , basidia 4-spore with basal buckles; Spores mostly allantoid, in some species up to elliptical, thin and smooth-walled, inamyloid, not cyanophilic.

Due to the encrusted cystids and inamyloid spores that are usually present, the cystid bark fungi and the like can be removed. a.  differ from the layer mushrooms ( Stereum spp.), which sometimes look similar .

ecology

Cystid bark fungi live saprobically as wood decomposers and produce white rot . Many types such as B. the pine cystid bark fungus are substrate-specific. Others, however, have a wide range of foods, for example the flesh-red cystid bark mushroom . Some members of the genus are parasitized by tremors .

species

The genus is widespread and includes 62 species. In Europe 34 species occur or are to be expected there.

Cystid bark mushrooms ( Peniophora ) in Europe

German name Scientific name Author quote Substrate Green alder cystid bark mushroom Peniophora aurantiaca (Bresadola 1892) Höhnel & Litschauer 1906 Green alder , but also red alder , wrinkled alder and Sitka alder Pistachio cystid bark mushroom Peniophora boidinii DA Reid 1965 Ash gray cystid bark fungus Peniophora cinerea (Persoon 1794: Frieze 1821) Cooke 1879 Alder-cystid bark fungus Peniophora erikssonii described as " erikssoni " Boidin 1957 Frosted cystid bark mushroom Peniophora erumpens (Burt 1920) Boidin 1959 Melde cystid bark fungus Peniophora halimi Boidin & Lanquetin 1974 Flesh red cystid bark mushroom Peniophora incarnata (Persoon 1801: Fries 1821) P. Karsten 1889 mainly red beech , but also other hardwoods, sometimes even softwood Juniper cystid bark mushroom Peniophora junipericola J. Eriksson 1950 Hornbeam cystid bark fungus Peniophora laeta (Fries 1828: Fries 1828) Donk 1957 Hornbeam Laurent's cystid bark fungus Peniophora laurentii S. Lundell 1946 Elm cystid bark fungus Peniophora lilacea Bourdot & Galzin 1913 ('1912') Ash cystid bark fungus Peniophora limitata (Chaillet 1828) Cooke 1879 Ash , lilac , privet and other olive trees Purple-gray cystid bark mushroom Peniophora lycii (Persoon 1822) Höhnel & Litschauer 1907 ('1906') Malencon's cystid bark fungus Peniophora malençonii Boidin & Lanquetin 1977 Southern cystid bark fungus Peniophora meridionalis Boidin 1959 Naked cystid bark mushroom Peniophora nuda (Frieze 1821: Fries 1821) Bresadola 1897 Fir cystid bark fungus Peniophora piceae (Persoon 1822) J. Eriksson 1950 Peniophora pilatiana Pouzar & Svrcek 1953 Pine cystid bark fungus Peniophora pini (Schleicher 1815: Fries 1821) Boidin 1956 Pine , especially forest pine Softwood cystid bark fungus Peniophora pithya (Persoon 1822) J. Eriksson 1950 Aspen cystid bark mushroom Peniophora polygonia (Persoon 1794: Fries 1821) Bourdot & Galzin 1928 Peniophora proxima Bresadola 1913 ('1912') Peniophora pseudoversicolor Boidin 1965 Oak cystid bark fungus Peniophora quercina (Persoon 1801: Frieze 1821) Cooke 1879 mostly oak , but also red beech , ash and other hardwoods Peniophora reidii Boidin & Lanquetin 1983 Red cystid bark fungus Peniophora rufa (Fries 1828: Fries 1828) Boidin 1959 Linden cystid bark fungus Peniophora rufomarginata (Persoon 1822) Bourdot & Galzin 1913 ('1912') Northern cystid bark fungus Peniophora septentrionalis Laurila 1939 Deceptive cystid bark fungus Peniophora simulans DA Reid 1968 Peniophora suecica Litschauer 1941 Tamarisk cystid bark mushroom Peniophora tamaricicola Boidin & Malençon 1961 Peniophora versicolor (Bresadola 1898) Saccardo & P. ​​Sydow 1902 Peniophora versiformis (Berkeley & MA Curtis 1873) Bourdot & Galzin 1928 Purple cystid bark mushroom Peniophora violaceolivida (Sommerfelt 1826) Massee 1890 ('1889')

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  Green alder cystid bark fungus
  Peniophora aurantiaca

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  The purple oak cystid bark fungus ( P. quercina ) is common; in the picture associated with lichen.

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  The hornbeam cystid bark fungus ( P. laeta ) forms caulking strips under the bark.

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  Fruiting bodies with dark edges are typical of the ash cystic bark fungus ( P. limitata ).

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  The flesh-red cystid bark fungus ( P. incarnata ) fructifies on hardwood in winter .

Systematics

The cystid bark fungi are divided into two sub-genera: Gloeopeniophora and Peniophora .

	Subgenus Gloeopeniophora	Subgenus Peniophora
Hyphae	colorless	at least partially brown
Fruiting bodies	happy colored (orange to red)	with muted colors (grayish, brownish, cream, reddish or violet-gray)
Structure of the trama	not layered	with 2 to 3 (10+) layers
Lifespan of the Frk.	relatively short-lived	long-lived, often perennial

Subgenus Gloeopeniophora

Incarnata Group (selection)

Green Alder Cystid Bark Mushroom - Peniophora aurantiaca Alder Cystid Bark Mushroom - Peniophora erikssonii Flesh red cystid bark fungus - Peniophora incarnata Hornbeam cystid bark fungus - Peniophora laeta Laurent's cystid bark fungus - Peniophora laurentii

Subgenus Peniophora

Cinerea group (selection)

Ash gray cystid bark fungus - Peniophora cinerea Juniper Cystid Bark Mushroom - Peniophora junipericola Ash cystic bark fungus - Peniophora limitata Naked cystid bark mushroom - Peniophora nuda Fir cystid bark fungus - Peniophora piceae Pine cystid bark fungus - Peniophora pini Softwood Cystid Bark Mushroom - Peniophora pithya Oak cystid bark fungus - Peniophora quercina Red cystid bark fungus - Peniophora rufa Linden cystid bark fungus - Peniophora rufomarginata Northern cystid bark fungus - Peniophora septentrionalis Peniophora suecica Violet cystid bark fungus - Peniophora violaceolivida

encrusted metuloid cystidia, sulfocystidia present or absent, no dendrohyphidia

Lycii group (selection)

Elm cystid bark fungus - Peniophora lilacea Purple-gray cystid bark fungus - Peniophora lycii Aspen cystid bark fungus - Peniophora polygonia

present with or without encrusted cystidia, sulfocystidia, and dendrohyphidia

swell

literature

• John Eriksson, Kurt Hjortstam, Leif Ryvarden: The Corticiaceae of North Europe. Mycoaciella - Phanerochaete. Fungiflora, Oslo (Norway). Vol. 5. 1978.
• German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): The large mushrooms of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Franz Oberwinkler: Lecture Evolution and Ecology of Mushrooms, 13th hour ( Memento of the original from June 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . On: timms - Tübingen Internet Multimedia Server of the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. December 2, 2005. (streaming video; 50 min.) 
2. ^ Christian Hendrik Persoon: Thelephora quercina . In: Synopsis methodica fungorum . 1801. p. 573.
3. ↑ Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . BLV Verlag, Munich 2002. p. 416. ISBN 3-4051-4737-9 .
4. ↑ Hermann Jahn: Tremella encephala parasitizes on Stereum sanguinolentum (PDF; 194 kB). In: Westphalian mushroom letters . Vol. 7. 1968/1969. Pp. 65-66. (PDF; 189 kB)
5. ↑ Chee-Jen Chen: Morphological and molecular studies in the genus Tremella ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2003 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Bibliotheca Mycologica. Vol. 174. 1998. ISBN 3-4435-9076-4 .  
6. ↑ Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, D. W. Minter, J. A. Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . Wallingford, England. 10th edition. 2008. p. 507. ISBN 978-08519-9826-8 .
7. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: Page no longer available , search in web archives: The genus Peniophora . On: fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
8. ^ John Eriksson, Kurt Hjortstam, Leif Ryvarden: The Corticiaceae of North Europe. Mycoaciella - Phanerochaete . Fungiflora, Oslo (Norway). Vol. 5. 1978.

Web links

Commons : Cystid Bark Mushrooms ( Peniophora )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Werner Bartsch: Peniophora aurantiaca - green alder cystid bark fungus . On: Blog Aphyllophorales News .
• Maren Kamke: Image gallery of cystid bark mushrooms . On: The Mushroom Mouse Page .
• Andreas Kunze: Peniophora laeta - hornbeam cystid bark fungus .
• Peniophora rufa. On: MushroomExpert.Com .