Tremors

Tremors
Golden yellow tremor ( tremella mesenterica )
Systematics
Department : Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota) Subdivision : Agaricomycotina Class : Tremellomycetes Order : Tremellales (Tremellales) Family : Shiver relatives (Tremellaceae) Genre : Tremors
Scientific name
Tremella
Pers.

The shiverlings ( tremella ) are a genus of mushrooms from the family of shiver relatives .

The type species is the golden yellow trembling ( Tremella mesenterica ).

features

Macroscopic features

The fruit body is gelatinous to cartilaginous and horn-like when dry, revives when moisturized, lobed or with brain-like convolutions and folds, rarely also in the form of cushions and without papilla-like warts (distinguishing feature from the genus Exidia ). The hymenium covers the whole fruiting body .

Microscopic features

Microscopically, the genus is characterized by a monomitic hyphae structure with cylindrical, colorless (hyaline) hyphae whose septa usually have buckles . The basidia are spherical to ellipsoidal and septate obliquely to vertically, they can be 2 or 4-celled. The thin-walled spores are spherical to broadly ellipsoidal, but can also be shaped like sausages or beans (allantoid), they are smooth, colorless (hyaline) and cannot be stained with iodine reagents (inamyloid). In the juvenile hymenium of many tremendous species, conidia are formed prior to the formation of mature basidia .

ecology

Shiverlings are myco parasites and live on the fruiting bodies and / or on the mycelia of wood-dwelling fungi, including, for example, coal berries , layer fungi and cystid bark fungi . They tap the fungal threads of their hosts via haustoria . In the past, tremors were mainly considered to be saprobionts , only of a few species such as z. B. the white-core trembling and the two flour-slice tremors were known to have a parasitic way of life.

species

The genus, which is widespread worldwide, comprises around 80 (according to Dörfelt around 120) species. Around 60 species are specified or expected for Europe. As with many mushroom genera, the separation and naming of the species are controversial.

Quivers ( tremella )0

German name Scientific name Author quote host Scientific name Yellow layer mushroom trembling Tremella aurantia Schweinitz 1822: Frieze 1823 Curry layer mushroom Stereum hirsutum Tremella australiensis Lloyd 1913 Tremella brasiliensis (Möller) Lloyd Tremella callunicola P. Roberts 2001 Tremella caloceraticola Hauerslev 1999 Tremella caloplacae (Zahlbruckner 1906) Diederich 2003 Tremella candelariellae Diederich & Etayo 1996 Tremella candida Persoon 1801 Tremella cetrariicola Diederich & Coppins 1996 Tremella cerebriformis C.-J. Chen Tremella christiansenii Diederich 1996 Tremella cladoniae Diederich & MS Christiansen 1996 Tremella coalescens Olive 1951 Tremella colpomaticola Hauerslev 1999 Tremella coppinsii Diederich & G. Marson 1988 Tremella coriaria Bresadola 1907 Tremella diploschistina Millanes, M. Westb., Wedin & Diederich 2012 Pitcher lichen ( Diploschistes ) Tremella discicola Vande Put 2004 White-core trembling , pine trembling or alabaster seedling Tremella encephala Persoon 1801 Bleeding coniferous layer mushroom Stereum sanguineism Broom Shiver Tremella exigua Desmazières 1847 Diaporthe (see Diaporthaceae ) Tremella flava C.-J. Chen Tremella fuscosuccinea C.-J. Chen 1998 Tremella globospora Reid 1970 Tremella griseobrunnea C.-J. Chen 1998 Silver ear Tremella fuciformis Berkeley 1856 Coal berries Hypoxylon sp. Tremella giraffa C.-J. Chen 1998 Hunchback trembling Tremella globispora DA Reid 1970 Diaporthe sp. (see Diaporthaceae ) Tremella globulus Brefeld 1888 Tremella hymenophaga M. Dueñas 2001 Tremella hypocenomycis Diederich 1996 Tremella hypogymniae Diederich & MS Christiansen 1996 Tremella indecorata Sommerfelt 1826 Tremella intumescens Smith 1808: Frieze 1822 Tremella invasa (Hauerslev 1993) Hauerslev 1996 Juniper trembling Tremella karstenii Hauerslev 1999 Juniper shield cup Colpoma juniperi Tremella lichenicola Diederich 1986 Tremella lobariacearum Diederich & MS Christiansen 1996 Tremella macroceratis Diederich & Hafellner 1996 Golden yellow trembling Tremella mesenterica Retzius 1769: Frieze 1822 Cystid Bark Mushrooms Peniophora sp. Crystal tremor Tremella mesenterica f. crystallina Ew. Gerhardt 1997 Tremella microspora Lloyd 1920 Mulberry-shaped trembling Tremella moriformis (Fr.) Smith ex Berk. 1870 Diaporthe (see Diaporthaceae ) Tremella mycetophiloides Kobayasi 1939 Tremella nashii Diederich 2007 Tremella neofoliacea C.-J. Chen 1998 Tremella normandinae Diederich 1996 Tremella obscura (LS Olive 1946) MP Christiansen 1954 Tremella penetrans (Hauerslev 1979) Jülich 1983 Tremella pertusariae Diederich 1996 Tremella phaeographidis Diederich et al. 1996 Tremella phaeophysciae Diederich & MS Christiansen 1996 Tremella protoparmeliae Diederich & Coppins 1996 Tremella pyrenophila Traverso & Migliardi 1914 Tremella ramalinae Diederich 1996 Tremella resupinata C.-J. Chen 1998 Tremella reticulata ( Berk. ) Farl. 1908 Tremella rinodinae Diederich & MS Christiansen 1996 Tremella rosea Höhnel 1903 Tremella sarniensis described as " sarnensis " P. Roberts 2001 Tremella samoensis Lloyd 1919 Tremella silvae-dravedae Hauerslev 1999 Tremella spicata Bourdot & Galzin 1924 Tremella spicifera Van Ryckegem et al. 2001 Steidler's trembling Tremella steidleri (Bresadola 1908) Bourdot & Galzin 1928 Curry layer mushroom Stereum hirsutum Tremella taiwanensis C.-J. Chen 1998 Tremella telleriae M. Dueñas 2001 Tremella tropica C.-J. Chen 1998 Tremella tuckerae Diederich 2007 Tremella versicolor Berkeley & Broome 1854 Tremella vasifera C.-J. Chen 1998 Greenish trembling Tremella virescens Schumacher 1803 Tremella wirthii Diederich 1996

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  Yellow layer mushroom tremor ( T. aurantia ) on curry layer mushroom ( Stereum hirsutum )

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  T. diploschistina on rough pitcher lichen ( Diploschistes scruposus )

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  Silver ear ( tremella fuciformis )

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  Humpbacked Shiverling ( Tremella globispora )

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  Golden yellow trembling ( T. mesenterica ) on ash cystid bark mushroom ( Peniophora limitata )

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  White-hearted trembling ( T. encephala ) on bleeding coniferous layer mushroom ( Stereum sanguinolentum )

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  White-core trembling in cross-section: The white core consists of deformed host fruit bodies.

Systematics

In a more recent study, the species complex around the leaf-like trembling was split off based on genetic investigations and placed in the new genus Phaeotremella .

meaning

Some species of the genus such as B. the golden yellow trembling ( Tremella mesenteria ) are considered edible. The silver ear ( Tremella fuciformis ), a tropical species, is cultivated as an edible mushroom.

literature

• Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. tape 2 . Black Forest Mushroom Teaching Show, 2007, ISSN  0932-920X (incl. CD with over 600 species descriptions).
• Rudolf Schubert, Horst Herbert Handke, Helmut Pankow: Rothmaler excursion flora of Germany . tape 1 : Lower plants . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-8274-0655-2 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} Peter Roberts, André August Remi de Meijer: Macromycetes from the state of Paraná, Brazil. 6. Sirobasidiaceae & Tremellaceae . In: Mycotaxon . tape 64 , 1997, pp. 261-283 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Chee-Jen Chen: Morphological and molecular studies in the genus Tremella . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . tape 174 , 1998, ISBN 3-443-59076-4 ( faculty.stust.edu.tw ).
3. ^ ^{A b} Hermann Jahn: Tremella encephala parasitizes on Stereum sanguinolentum . In: Westphalian mushroom letters . tape 7, 1968/1969 , pp. 65–66 ( wwwuser.gwdg.de [PDF; 192 kB ]).
4. ^ Franz Oberwinkler: Lecture Evolution and Ecology of Fungi, 13th hour. In: timms - Tübingen Internet Multimedia Server of the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. December 2, 2005, accessed on February 25, 2016 (streaming video; 50 min.).  
5. ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Tremella. In: Fungiworld.com. Mushroom Taxa Database. Archived from the original on January 23, 2013 ; Retrieved January 16, 2011 .  
6. ↑ Ursula Sauter, Jörg Haedeke: Tremella aurantia - a double of the golden-yellow tremor T. mesenterica . In: The Tintling . tape 61 . Issue 4/2009, p. 81-84 .
7. ↑ Ana M. Millanes, Martin Westberg, Mats Wedin, Paul Diederich: Tremella diploschistina (Tremellales, Basidiomycota, Fungi), a new lichenicolous species growing on Diploschistes . In: British Lichen Society (Ed.): The Lichenologist . tape 44 , no. 3 , May 2012, p. 321-332 , doi : 10.1017 / S0024282911000788 (published online in advance on March 29, 2012).
8. ↑ Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. tape 2 . Black Forest Mushroom Teaching Show, 2007, ISSN  0932-920X (incl. CD with over 600 species descriptions).
9. ^ W. Matheis: Tremella juniperina on Colpoma juniperi . In: Journal of Mycology . tape 51 , no. 1 , 1985, pp. 75-76 .
10. ↑ Walter Zugmaier, Robert Bauer, Franz Oberwinkler: Mycoparasitism of some Tremella species . In: Mycologia . tape 86 , no. 1 , 1994, p. 49-56 .
11. ↑ Peter Roberts: British Tremella species II: T. encephala, T. steidleri & T. foliacea . In: Mycologist . tape 13 , 1999, p. 127-131 .
12. ↑ Volkmar Wirth, Ulrich Kirschbaum: Simply determine braiding . A reliable guide to the most common species in Central Europe. 1st edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014, ISBN 978-3-494-01538-5 , p. 269 .
13. ↑ Viacheslav Spirin, Vera Malysheva, Andrey Yurkov, Otto Miettinen, Karl-Henrik Larsson: Studies in the Phaeotremella foliacea group (Tremellomycetes, Basidiomycota) . 2018, ISSN  1617-416X ( usda.gov [accessed April 17, 2020]).

Web links

Commons : Shiverlings ( Tremella )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Frank Moser: Golden yellow tremor - Tremella mesenterica. At Natur-Lexikon.com, accessed on January 16, 2011.
• Fredi Kasparek: Red-brown trembling - Tremella foliacea. On Natur-in-NRW.de, aRetrieved January 16, 2011.