Magnitude (energy)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a compilation of amounts of energy of different sizes for comparison purposes. The details are often to be understood as "typical values" and are usually rounded.

Basic unit of energy in the International System of Units 1  joule (also watt second ) ( unit symbol J or Ws ), the symbols often e . Common units are also Kilowatt hours 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ and electron volts , .

Yoctojoule - yJ

1 yoctojoule = 10 −24 J.

Zeptojoule - zJ

1 zeptojoule = 10 −21 J = 1,000 yoctojoule

  • 6 zJ = thermal energy of a free particle at room temperature (almost 40 meV)
  • 160 zJ = 1 eV = 1 electron volt = energy of one electron after passing through the voltage of one volt

Attojoule - aJ

1 attojoule = 10 −18 J = 1,000 zeptojoule

Femtojoule - fJ

1 femtojoule = 10 −15 J = 1,000 attojoules

Picojoules - pJ

1 picojoule = 10 −12 J = 1,000 femtojoule

  • 100 pJ = kinetic energy of a proton in the synchro- cyclotron of the European nuclear research institute CERN
  • 150.33 pJ = rest energy of a proton
  • 150.53 pJ = rest energy of a neutron

Nanojoules - nJ

1 nanojoule = 10 −9 J = 1,000 picojoules

Microjoules - µJ

1 microjoule = 10 −6 J = 1,000 nanojoules

Millijoules - mJ

1 millijoule = 10 −3 J = 1,000 microjoules

  • 48 mJ = kinetic energy of a small hailstone (mass 0.5 g) falling at a speed of 50 km / h
  • 205 mJ = rotational energy of a turntable (mass 3 kg, diameter 30 cm) at 33.3 revolutions per minute

Joule - J.

1 joule = 10 0 joules = 1,000 millijoules

  • 1 J = 1 Ws = 1 Nm
  • 1 J = work of the human heart per beat
  • 1 J = heats 1 g of air (approx. 830 ml volume) by 1  K at 1,013  hPa
  • 1 J ≈ 0.278 · 10 −6 kWh ≈ 0.278 · 10 −3 Wh
  • 1 J = 6.242 x 10 18  eV
  • 4.18 J = 1 g of water warms up by 1 K under standard conditions (in outdated units: = 1 cal )
  • 7.5 J = maximum permissible muzzle energy of the bullet of a freely available air rifle in Germany
  • 50 J = energy of a proton in cosmic rays observed at Dugway Proving Ground
  • 73.5 J = kinetic energy of a person (75 kg) at walking pace (1.4 m / s)
  • 98.1 J = energy to lift / pump 1 liter of water on earth 10 m

Kilojoules - kJ

1 kilojoule = 10 3 joules = 1,000 joules

  • 1 kJ ≈ 0.278 10 −3 kWh ≈ 0.3 Wh
  • 2.06 kJ = energy to lift a person weighing 70 kg 3 m
  • 3.5 kJ = muzzle energy of the bullet of the cartridge 7.62 × 51 mm NATO
  • 4.18 kJ = heats 1 kg of water by 1 K = 1 kilocalorie
  • 6 kJ = energy consumption of a 100 W incandescent lamp in one minute
  • 12 kJ = energy content of a Mignon cell
  • 38 kJ = physiological calorific value , i.e. the energy content usable for the human body, of 1 g fat
  • 386 kJ = kinetic energy of a car (mass 1 t) at a speed of 100 km / h

Megajoules - MJ

1 megajoule = 10 6 J = 1,000 kilojoules

Gigajoules - GJ

1 gigajoule = 10 9 J = 1,000 megajoules

Terajoule - TJ

1 terajoule = 10 12 J = 1,000 gigajoules

Petajoules - PJ

1 petajoule = 10 15 J = 1,000 terajoules

  • 1 PJ ≈ 278 GWh
  • 31.536 PJ = 8760 GWh = 1 gigawatt year - energy output of a 1 gigawatt power plant in one year ( common year with 365 days)
  • 89.9 PJ = complete conversion of 1 kg of matter into energy ( E = m · c² )
  • 210 PJ = explosive power of the strongest hydrogen bomb (= 50 Mt TNT)

Exajoule - EJ

1 exajoule = 10 18 J = 1,000 petajoules

Zettajoule - ZJ

1 zettajoule = 10 21 J = 1,000 exajoules

  • 10.7 ZJ = energy radiated from the sun onto the earth's surface per day ( solar energy )

Yottajoule - YJ

1 yottajoule = 10 24 J = 1,000 zettajoules

  • 3.9 YJ = energy radiated from the sun onto the earth's surface per year (solar energy)
  • 5.8 YJ = energy that would be required to heat all water on earth (1.39 · 10 9 km 3 ) by 1 Kelvin
  • 386 YJ = energy released by the sun per second

Higher orders of magnitude

  • 4.36 · 10 28 J = kinetic energy of the moon
  • 1.33 · 10 29 J = gravitational binding energy of the moon . Amount of energy that would be necessary to remove all matter of the moon from the gravitational field of the moon itself and thus to completely dismantle the moon, so to speak, into its individual parts. Conversely, this is also the amount of energy that is released when a huge dust cloud from the mass of the moon contracts under the influence of gravity to an object like the moon.
  • 2.45 · 10 32 J = gravitational binding energy of the earth
  • 2.7 · 10 33 J = kinetic energy of the earth (rotation and orbit around the sun)
  • 10 37 J = approximate energy of a nova
  • 10 39 J = energy that would be necessary to accelerate the earth to 10% of the speed of light
  • 2.43 · 10 41 J = gravitational binding energy of the sun
  • 10 44 J = approximate energy of a supernova (sometimes called foe )
  • 10 45 J = energy that would be required to accelerate the sun to 10% of the speed of light
  • 10 47 J = energy output of a gamma-ray flash

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ CODATA Value: electron volt. In: The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. National Institute of Standards and Technology, May 20, 2019, accessed August 15, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Press release from the NRW Energy Agency
  3. ↑ Energy statistics "Primary energy consumption according to energy sources" ( Memento of the original from April 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Working Group on Energy Balances, status: February 2009, published on the BMWI website  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmwi.de
  4. ↑ Key World Energy Statistics 2010 of the International Energy Agency
  5. ^ Bill Arnett: The Sun. In: The Nine Planets . Retrieved January 4, 2010 .
  6. ↑ See article on gravitational binding energy from the English language Wikipedia