Großgmain parish church

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Großgmain parish church
Großgmain parish church, nave

The parish and pilgrimage church of Our Lady of the Assumption is a Roman Catholic St. Mary's Church in Großgmain in Flachgau in the state of Salzburg ( Austria ). The patronage festival is celebrated on August 15th, Assumption of Mary . It has been its parish church since the Großmain parish was founded in 1807.

history

Before 1136 there was a (ducal) own church in Gmain . In 1136 the church of St. Maria in Muona was incorporated into the Augustinian canons of Reichenhall, St. Zeno , and looked after by the convent, which had an average of 20 to 30 members. The oldest secure documentary mention of Gmain relates to the year 1144 and is in a papal confirmation document. Through the incorporation of the St. Zeno Monastery in 1803, Gmain also came under sovereign patronage. In 1807 the Gmainer church was raised to an independent parish church and equipped with a secular priest. According to the treaty of April 14, 1816 between Bavaria and Austria ( Treaty of Munich ), the Reichenhall area remained with the Kingdom of Bavaria , the Salzburg area, including Gmain, was largely annexed to the Austrian Empire . A state border, determined by the Weißbach , has since divided “the Gmain” into Bayrisch-Gmain and (Austrian) Großgmain .

church

In the middle of the village, surrounded by a cemetery, stands the east-facing church of Our Lady on the Gmain with a large west tower that can be seen from afar. The defining interior design of the current building dates from 1731 and after. The tower was redesigned in 1751 after a fire caused by lightning. However, the core of the church is Gothic. Construction began in the late 15th century and was completed in 1529. The Gothic church was very similar to the Franciscan Church in Salzburg. Like these, it had free-standing round pillars. In front of the only central, eastern round column, there was a winged altar made in 1499 with ten panel paintings. The images on the altar were illuminated by daylight entering through large windows. The miraculous image, a Madonna, was placed in a separate choir altar behind the main altar. Due to the free installation of the winged altar in front of the column, it could be walked around and the miraculous image presented behind it could be venerated. Since the church was redesigned in the 18th century, the miraculous image has been the focus of the high altar created by Johann Georg Langmayr in 1739. The church was rebuilt from 1731 under Provost Floridus II. Penker (1720–1757) and was headed by Tobias Kendler. Among other things, the vault, which was supported by seven white marble columns, was demolished. One reason for this was the feared breaking of the rib vault. The cup vault that was then inserted was frescoed by Innocent Anton Warathy .

Furnishing

Ten panel paintings

Scenes from the life of Mary

The so-called Meister von Großgmain , whose main works were all created for the Salzburg area, created the panel paintings for the winged altar of the church, which was placed in front of the central round column. Since the church was redesigned in the 18th century and the altar was dismantled, they have been hanging in the choir. In 1739 Georg Langmayr built the new high altar, placing the old Madonna in the center of the altar.

Altars

The high altar was created by Johann Georg Langmayr in 1739, who integrated the Salzburg cast stone Madonna in the middle of the high altar. He added the Trinity group, a sculpture with the coronation of Mary, to the top of the altar.

The altar paintings on the side altars (left: St. Sebastian, right: St. Anna) and the top paintings were created in 1734 by the Salzburg court painter Jacob Zanusi .

organ

Ludwig Mooser organ 1845
Design, drawn: Louis Mooser

The first organ in the Gmain church was probably built at the beginning of the 17th century and comprised six registers ( manual with 45 keys - short octave ): Copel 8 ′, flute 4 ′, octave 4 ′, super octave 2 ′, zymbel 1 ′ ( twice), quint 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′. Apparently this organ was once ruined and spoiled by a storm [...] . Therefore, in 1670, in consultation with the Hochfürstl. Care manager at Staufenägg , Michael Kopeindl, the plan to build a new one. Those responsible then made a different decision, however, and in 1671 Christoph Egedacher commissioned only to make a new case and to add an 18-tone pedal to the instrument, which then received 36 new pipes for two registers : Subbass 16 ′ (covered) and octave bass 8 ′ (open). This instrument was modified and repaired several times, and finally demolished in 1844. In 1845 Ludwig Mooser built a new two-manual organ with 17 registers , which, curiously, he did not complete and only used 16 parts. From 1999, master organ builder Johann Pieringer restored this instrument comprehensively and added the trombone-bass 8 ′ register that had been missing from the beginning .

Disposition 1845

I Manual C – f 3
Principal 8th'
Dumped 8th'
Hollow flute 8th'
Viola di gamba 8th'
Octav 4 ′
flute 4 ′
Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Picolo 2 ′
Mixture V 2 ′
II breastwork C – f 3
Copel 8th'
flute 4 ′
Dolce 4 ′
Flagiolet 2 ′
Pedal C – c 0
Violon bass 16 ′
Sub bass 16 ′
Octavbass 4 ′
Trombone bass 8th'

Pilgrimage site

Mary giving milk, 1693

Source cult

In the 14th century, a well is mentioned next to the Gmain church, the so-called Kolomansbrunnen. Possibly the scoop fountain depicted on a preserved miracle painting from 1530 is the same. But where this well actually was is no longer known.

Today a Marienbrunnen from 1693 of the type of the milk donating Madonna ( Maria lactans ) stands on the square in front of the church. Whether the pilgrimage on the Gmain is due to a pre-Christian spring shrine has not yet been clarified due to a lack of written documents.

Images of grace or cult objects

Cast stone Madonna, around 1400

The primary cult object is a Salzburg stone cast Madonna from around 1400 in the then common colors white, blue, red and gold . The statue of the Virgin Mary in the Y-shaped position is 143–144 cm high without the crown and stands on a base plate added later. In her left hand she carries a naked child who is holding an apple in both hands. The figure has been changed several times since its creation. In 1871 the Virgin Mary statue was stripped because it was not infrequently damaged by the frequent putting on and taking off of the clothes [...] in that both hands and a forefoot has broken off . A meticulous restoration took place between 1962 and 1964 and attempts to restore the original condition. The statue has stood in the center of the high altar since 1739, before, from 1539, it was placed on a choir altar behind the high altar. Before 1539 it was installed outside the church at all. The legend according to which the figure of the Virgin fell down and broken in 1539 when it was transferred, was confirmed on the X-ray screen (1965). Several iron bars hold the statue together in the knee area . The number 1453 engraved in the base may be related to a special event (the fall of Constantinople  ?), Or to the public display of the Madonna, who was privately venerated beforehand.

Trinity Group, around 1499

The secondary cult object is a trinity group, a sculpture with the coronation of Mary in the top of the high altar . Apparently this group belonged to the pictorial program of the winged altar, where, before 1739 and similar to now, it was placed above the middle shrine of the high altar. Pilgrimages to the images of the Trinity developed only to a modest extent in the archdiocese.

Pilgrimage

Aviary for 'sacrificed' black chickens, in use until 1870

Pilgrimage motifs were the resuscitation of dead children, women and epilepsy, votive living victims, especially black chickens, which were carried around the high altar three times by the speakers during the mass. Then she was locked behind it in a wooden aviary . The custom lasted until 1870. Later, until around 1900, it was customary to deliver the 'sacrificed' chickens to the rectory straight away.

literature

  • Walter Brugger : St. Zeno Bad Reichenhall (Schnell, Art Guide No. 157), 3rd, revised edition, Regensburg 2008 (Schnell & Steiner), ISBN 978-3-7954-4162-3 .
  • Gustav Gugitz : Austria's places of grace in cult and custom . A topographical handbook on religious folklore in five volumes, Volume 5, Vienna 1958.
  • Johannes Lang : St. Zeno in Reichenhall . History of the Augustinian Canon Monastery from its founding to secularization, Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 2009. ISBN 978-3-7696-6878-0 .
  • Heribert Metzger : The Ludwig Moser organ in Großgmain in the state of Salzburg - its history, restoration and late completion . In: Ars Organi , ed. von der Gesellschaft der Orgelfreunde , Vol. 56 (2008), Issue 1, pp. 35–37.
  • Heribert Metzger: "He has established fame and honor through his work" . On the history and restoration of the Ludwig Moser organ in Großgmain in Salzburg. In: Singende Kirche , ed. by the Austrian Church Music Commission (48th year 2001 issue 3), pp. 122–126.
  • Johannes Neuhardt (ed.): Salzburg's pilgrimages in cult and custom . Catalog of the 11th special exhibition of the Salzburg Cathedral Museum, Salzburg 1986.
  • Johannes Neuhardt: Pilgrimages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg , Munich and Zurich 1982.
  • Austrian Art Topography 11 : The monuments of the political district of Salzburg; Volume 2: Salzburg judicial district (ÖKT 11), ed. from the Art History Institute of the kk Central Commission for Monument Preservation, Vienna 1916.
  • Roman Schmeißner: Organ building in Salzburg pilgrimage churches . WiKu-Verlag, Duisburg & Cologne 2015, ISBN 978-3-86553-446-0 .

Web links

Commons : Pfarrkirche Großgmain  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ Personnel of the world and religious clergy of the Archdiocese of Salzburg for 1957 ( Schematismus 1957), ed. from the Archbishop's Ordinariate Salzburg 1957, p. 172.
  2. ↑ Walter Brugger: St. Zeno Bad Reichenhall (Schnell-Kunstführer No. 157), 3rd, revised edition, Regensburg 2008, p. 2.
  3. ^ Gustav Gugitz: Austria's places of grace in cult and custom , Vienna 1958, Volume 5, p. 165.
  4. ↑ Walter Brugger: St. Zeno Bad Reichenhall (Schnell-Kunstführer No. 157), 3rd, revised edition, Regensburg 2008, p. 5.
  5. ↑ MB III, No. 3, p. 530: Capella S. Maria Muna . Quoted from: Johannes Lang: The Gmainer border area in the late Middle Ages . In: 500 years of Master von Großgmain , ed. vom Salzburger Museumsverein, Salzburg 2003 (2nd unchanged edition), p. 7 and note p. 10.
  6. ↑ Joseph Dürlinger: Historical-statistical handbook of the Archdiocese of Salzburg in its current boundaries . First volume: Ruraldecanate des Flachlandes , Salzburg 1862, p. 106.
  7. ↑ Parish and pilgrimage church of Our Lady in Großgmain , ed. by Herbert Schmatzberger, Salzburg 2003 (Austria's Christian Art Sites No. 174; 2nd revised and expanded edition), p. 2.
  8. ^ Friederike Zaisberger: History of Salzburg . In: History of the Austrian Federal States , ed. by Johann Rainer (Munich and Vienna 1998), p. 249.
  9. ^ Austrian art topography 11 : The monuments of the political district of Salzburg; Volume 2: Salzburg judicial district (ÖKT 11), ed. from the Art History Institute of the kk Central Commission for Monument Preservation, Vienna 1916, p. 124.
  10. ↑ Dehio Salzburg 1986 , Vienna 1986, p. 134.
  11. ^ Gustav Gugitz: Austria's places of grace in cult and custom , Vienna 1958, Volume 5, p. 165.
  12. ↑ Parish and pilgrimage church of Our Lady in Großgmain , ed. by Herbert Schmatzberger, Salzburg 2003, p. 6.
  13. ↑ Parish and pilgrimage church of Our Lady in Großgmain , ed. by Herbert Schmatzberger, Salzburg 2003, p. 16.
  14. ↑ Parish and pilgrimage church of Our Lady in Großgmain , ed. by Herbert Schmatzberger, Salzburg 2003, p. 4.
  15. ↑ Parish and pilgrimage church of Our Lady in Großgmain , ed. by Herbert Schmatzberger, Salzburg 2003, p. 10.
  16. ↑ Johannes Lang: The Altsalzburger pilgrimage to Our Lady on the Gmain . In: 500 years of Master von Großgmain , ed. vom Salzburger Museumsverein, Salzburg 2003 (2nd unchanged edition), p. 80.
  17. ^ Austrian art topography 11 : The monuments of the political district of Salzburg; Volume 2: Salzburg judicial district (ÖKT 11), ed. from the Art History Institute of the kk Central Commission for Monument Preservation, Vienna 1916, p. 124.
  18. ^ Edmund Blechinger: The Salzburg court painter Jacob Zanusi 1679–1742. In: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde, 97 (1957), pp. 113-136. PDF on ZOBODAT
  19. ^ History of the organs in the parish and pilgrimage church Großgmain . In: Roman Matthias Schmeißner: Studies on organ building in pilgrimage churches of the Archdiocese of Salzburg . Dissertation University Mozarteum Salzburg 2012, pp. 94–125.
  20. ↑ Heribert Metzger: The Ludwig Moser organ in Großgmain in the state of Salzburg - its history, restoration and late completion . In: Ars Organi , ed. von der Gesellschaft der Orgelfreunde, Vol. 56 (2008), Issue 1, pp. 35–37.
  21. ↑ BayHStA , KL St. Zeno, No. 43: "Apud fontem Sancti Cholomanni". Quoted from Johannes Lang: The Altsalzburg pilgrimage to Our Lady on the Gmain . In: 500 years of Master von Großgmain , ed. vom Salzburger Museumsverein, Salzburg 2003 (2nd unchanged edition), p. 76 and note p. 82.
  22. ↑ Dieter Großmann: Salzburg's share in the "Beautiful Madonnas" . In: Beautiful Madonnas . 1350-1450, ed. by Johannes Neuhardt, Salzburg 1965, p. 29.
  23. ^ Gustav Gugitz: Austria's places of grace in cult and custom , Vienna 1958, Volume 5, p. 165.
  24. ^ AES : Box 6, compartment 26, fascicle 16 (part 2), regarding Großgmain (Großgmain, February 3, 1871).
  25. ^ Johannes Neuhardt: Pilgrimages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg , Munich and Zurich 1982, p. 73.
  26. ^ Dieter Assmann: Pilgrimages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg - a folklore overview . In: Salzburg's pilgrimages in cult and custom, ed. by Johannes Neuhardt, Salzburg 1986, p. 24.
  27. ^ Gustav Gugitz: Austria's places of grace in cult and custom , Vienna 1958, Volume 5, p. 165.

Coordinates: 47 ° 43 ′ 29.9 "  N , 12 ° 54 ′ 23.5"  E