Arrow-leaved message
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Arrow-leaved message ( Atriplex calotheca ) |
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| ( Rafn ) Fr. |
The Pfeilblättrige Melde ( Atriplex calotheca ), also called Pfeilblatt-Melde or Schönfruchtige Melde , is a species of the species of the report ( Atriplex ) in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Pfeilblättrige Melde grows as an annual herbaceous plant . The upright or ascending stem is heavily branched and reaches heights of 30 to 100 cm. The alternately arranged, stalked leaves are hardly dusted with flour. The leaf blade is triangular-spear-shaped with a length of up to 9 cm. The leaf margin is deeply dentate, with mostly very pointed, uneven, often curved teeth. Only the top leaves are sometimes imperforate.
Inflorescence and flowers
The flowering period extends from June to September. The arrow-leaved message is single-sexed ( monoecious ). The green flowers are in clusters in the axilla of bracts . Male flowers contain five elongated bracts ( tepals ) and five stamens . Female flowers are encased by two bracts that are only fused at the base , the edge of which is deeply cut with long, awl-like teeth. The bracts are absent from the female flowers, they contain only one ovary . The pollination is usually done by the wind, but is also possible by insects.
Fruit and seeds
The fruit remains enclosed by the pre-leaves, which remain leaf-like and do not become cartilaginous. It contains a seed that can be black, yellow-brown and red-brown ( heterocarpy ).
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Photosynthetic pathway
Atriplex calotheca is a C 3 plant with normal leaf anatomy .
ecology
The arrow-leaved melde is a food plant for the caterpillar of the beach earth owl ( Agrotis ripae ).
Occurrence and endangerment
The distribution area of the arrow-leaved message includes Central Europe ( Germany and Poland ), Northern Europe ( Denmark , Norway , Sweden and Finland ) and Northeast Europe ( Estonia , Latvia , Lithuania and north-western European Russia ).
This salt-bearing species usually grows on the coasts in flush fringe communities and salt plant corridors . It needs full sun exposure and shows high nitrogen levels in the soil . In the plant sociological system , it is considered to be a characteristic of the association Atriplicetum glabriusculae-calothecae from the association Salsolo-Honkenyion peplioidis.
The populations of the arrow-leaved message in Central Europe are declining more and more due to dikes and coastal protection measures , so that this species is now endangered across Europe. In Germany it is classified as critically endangered ( Red List of Endangered Species 2). In Schleswig-Holstein it is probably already extinct (Red List 0), in Hamburg threatened with extinction (Red List 1), in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Occasionally it was also found in Baden-Württemberg .
Systematics
The arrow-leaved message ( Atriplex calotheca ) belongs within the genus Atriplex to the section Teutliopsis Dumort.
The first description of this kind took place in 1800 by Carl Gottlob Rafn as a variety Atriplex hastata var. Calotheca Rafn (published in Danmarks og Holsteens Flora , 2, p 240). In 1842 Elias Magnus Fries raised the clan to the rank of a separate species, Atriplex calotheca (Rafn) Fr. (published in Novitiarum Florae Suecicae Mantissa , 3, p. 164).
Synonyms of Atriplex calotheca (Rafn) Fr. are: Atriplex hastata var. Calotheca Rafn , Atriplex prostrata subsp. calotheca (Rafn) MAGust. and Atriplex hastata L. (nom. rej.).
swell
literature
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 93 . (Section description)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Werner Rothmaler (greeting), Rudolf Schubert, Walter Vent: Exkursionsflora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Volume 4. Critical Volume. 5th edition, Volk und Wissen, Berlin 1982, p. 172.
- ↑ Trivial names at MMPND.
- ↑ a b c d Entry at BiolFlor .
- ↑ a b Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 97, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
- ↑ a b c Arrow-leaved message. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ a b Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore). In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. 2011 - Atriplex calotheca . Entry on PESI portal .
- ^ Atriplex calotheca at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- Arrow-leaved message. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Distribution map for Europe.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Photos by Günther Blaich
