Pierre de Berulle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pierre de Bérulle as Cardinal (ca.1627)
Cardinal coat of arms (scheme)

Pierre de Bérulle (born February 4, 1575 in Cérilly Castle near Troyes , Département Aube , † October 2, 1629 in Paris ) was a French theologian, cardinal and first superior general of the French oratorio .

Life

He studied at the Jesuit College de Clermont , began studying at the Sorbonne in Paris in 1595 and was ordained a priest in 1599 . The Jesuit retreat in 1602 was crucial to his life. He supported Cardinal Duperron in his public disputes with the Protestant Philippe de Mornay and became a leader of the Counter Reformation in France.

Together with Barbe Acarie he introduced the Discalced Carmelite Sisters in France in 1604 and founded the French Oratory ( Congregatio Oratorii Jesu et Mariae Immaculatae ) in Paris in 1611 based on the model of Filippo Neris , a congregation of world priests for the care of pastoral care and science. In 1613 it was confirmed papally as the "Oratory of our Lord Jesus Christ". With his Christ-centric, ascetic and mystical theology, he laid the foundation for the École française de spiritualité (German: "French School of Spirituality"). The focus of his ascetic path was the contemplation of the Incarnation of God . Pope Urban VIII named him Apostulus Verbi Incarnati when he was elevated to cardinal on August 30, 1627 . Through his École française de Spiritualité , he exerted an almost unmanageable influence on the French clergy in the following centuries. Vincent von Paul , Jean Eudes , Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort , Charles de Condren , Jean-Jacques Olier and others can be counted among his students .

He was also politically active on behalf of the French court. In 1625 he tried unsuccessfully to recatholicize England on the occasion of Henriette de France's marriage to King Charles I of England. On August 30, 1627 he became a cardinal and in 1628 President of the Council of State. He tried to unite the Catholic forces in France, but failed because of his opponent, Cardinal Richelieu .

Works (selection)

  • Oeuvres complètes / Pierre de Bérulle. Paris: Oratoire de Jésus; Les Éd. du Cerf, Paris 1994ff.
  • Traité des énergumènes. Troyes 1599.
  • Discours de l'état et des grandeurs de Jésus. Paris 1623.
  • Correspondance. 3 volumes. J. Dagens, Paris 1937-1939.
  • Linus Bopp (ed.): Memorandum for guidance of the soul. 1957.
  • Rudolf Graber (Ed.): Our Lady in the Childhood of Jesus. 1957.

literature

  • Heribert Bastel: The Cardinal Pierre de Bérulle as spiritual of the French Carmel (= Viennese contributions to theology. Vol. 1). Dom-Verlag, Vienna 1974, ISBN 3-85351-066-3 .
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz :  Bérulle, Pierre de, Cardinal. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 558.  ( Article / beginning of article in the Internet archive )
  • Henri Bremond : Holiness and Theology. From Carmel to Cardinal Berulle's teaching. Edited by Eduard Maria Lange. Pustet, Regensburg 1962.
  • Stéphane-Marie Morgain: La théologie politique de Pierre de Bérulle (1598–1629). Publisud, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-86600-475-2 .
  • F. Guillén Preckler: "État" chez le cardinal de Bérulle. Théologie et spiritualité des “états” bérulliens (= Analecta Gregoriana. Vol. 197 = Analecta Gregoriana. Series Facultatis Theologiae. Sect. B, Vol. 63, ZDB -ID 1065677-7 ). Università Gregoriana, Roma 1974.
  • Albert Raffelt : Bérulle, Pierre de . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 2 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1994.
  • Stephen John Wagley: The oratory of France, 1629-1672. A social history. sn, Toronto 1976 (Toronto, University of Toronta, phil. dissertation).
  • Eugene A. Walsh: The priesthood in the writings of the French school. Bérulle, de Condren, Olier (= The Catholic University of America, Faculty of the School of Sacred Theology. Studies in sacred Theology. Ser. 2, No. 21, ZDB -ID 977189-x ). The Catholic University of America Press, Washington DC 1949 (also: Washington DC, Catholic University of America, dissertation, 1949).
  • Friedrich Wessely : The religiosity of the young Bérulles. In: Yearbook for Mystical Theology. Vol. 11, 1965, ZDB -ID 300376-0 , 67 ff.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Berulle, Pierre de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French Roman Catholic theologian, cardinal and first superior general of the French oratory
DATE OF BIRTH February 4, 1575
PLACE OF BIRTH Cérilly Castle near Troyes , Aube department
DATE OF DEATH October 2, 1629
Place of death Paris