Pomezná (Libá)
| Pomezná | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Karlovarský kraj | ||||
| District : | Cheb | ||||
| Municipality : | Libá | ||||
| Area : | 207.8925 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 6 ' N , 12 ° 15' E | ||||
| Height: | 450 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 0 (2013) | ||||
| Postal code : | 351 31 | ||||
| License plate : | K | ||||
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| Street: | - | ||||
Pomezná (German Markhausen ) is a desert in the Czech Republic . It is located two and a half kilometers east of Hohenberg an der Eger in the area of the municipality of Libá in the Okres Cheb .
geography
Geographical location
Pomezná is located on the left bank of the Eger below the confluence of the Röslau on the German-Czech border at the foot of the Fichtelgebirge in the Eger basin . The abandoned place is located at the upper end of the Skalka reservoir in the Smrčiny Nature Park; the meandering landscape of the Eger and Röslau south of Pomezná is protected as a nature reserve Rathsam. To the north rises the Na Vršíčku (552 m), in the northeast the Pastviny (511 m), southeast the Vršek (491 m) and in the west the Vyhlídka (493 m) and the Hohenberger Burgberg .
Local division
Pomezná forms a basic settlement unit and a cadastral district of the Libá municipality.
Neighboring communities
Neighboring towns were Dobrošov and Hůrka in the north, Samota, Hleďsebe , Horní Rybárna and U Rybaka in the Northeast, Klest and Komorní Dvůr to the east, Cetnov , Bříza and Pomezí nad Ohri in the southeast, Hradčany in the south, fishermen and Rybáře in the southwest, Hohenberg at the Eger , Hammermühle and Dubina in the west and Libá in the northwest.
history
The first written mention of the fortress "Marchousen" took place in 1225 as the seat of the brothers Konrad and Berchtold von Marchousen. The settlement around a fortified manor on the border between the goods of the imperial city of Eger and the possessions of the Lords of Hohenberg probably originated in the 12th century. In 1255 Markhausen was one of the places where the Waldsassen monastery had to pay a ten-month fee; At that time it was the seat of the Upper Palatinate noble family of Paulsdorf. Various Eger ministerial families took turns as owners of the property , after 1309 the Waldsassen Abbey acquired Markhausen. In 1322 "Markhawsen" became part of the Eger realm pledge.
In 1348 the abbot Franz Kübel von Waldsassen sold the place “Marchusen” to Rüdiger von Sparneck , then the owners changed again more often. In 1395, 15 farmers from Markhausen were listed in the military register . Until 1406 there was a parish in Markhausen, whose districts also included Tobiesenreuth , Riehm , Sorghof and Klausenhof. In 1424 the village consisted of five large farms, six small farms, four cottagers and a mill. In the middle of the 15th century, Franz Teufel is known as the owner, who had fallen out with the Eger council and was locked in the Teufelsturm in the Eger Kommendaklostergarten for a long time. Then the fishermen owned Markhausen. They created numerous ponds north of the village. In 1560, the mayors and councilors Bayer and Elbogner followed. Other owners in the 17th century were the Jöhel, the Brunner, the Bertl, the Junckher and the Friedrich. Subsequently, the city of Eger bought all the ponds and interest, whereby Markhausen came under inheritance from the city of Eger. In 1943 there were 20 larger and 10 smaller ponds with a fish house, which the city of Eger sold in 1820. The Markhausen Fortress was destroyed in 1462 during the Bavarian War . A new mansion was built in Markhausen, which was destroyed again in 1526 and lost its function as an estate administration when the town of Eger acquired the manor over the place in 1629.
The main source of income for the residents of the place was agriculture and fish farming; Over 30 fish ponds were managed around Markhausen. In the 16th century, farmers made some attempts at mining coal and iron ore, but they did not bring the desired results. At the beginning of the 19th century Markhausen consisted of 22 houses with 122 inhabitants; it changed only insignificantly until 1945 (24 house numbers). Until the middle of the 19th century, Markhausen remained subordinate to the city of Eger.
After the abolition of patrimonial Markhausen formed from 1850 a district of the community Mühlbach in the district and judicial district of Eger . The parish and school location was also Mühlbach. With the construction of a bridge over the Eger in 1900 a direct road connection to Mühlbach was established. In 1908 a separate village school started teaching in Markhausen. In 1920 Markhausen, Fischern and Rathsam broke away from Mühlbach and formed the community of Markhausen. In 1931 the master electrician Adolf Wagner built an electricity plant in the mill on the Eger. In 1930 a total of 192 people lived in the community, in 1939 there were 180. In 1875, 1907, 1924 and 1945 houses in the village burned down due to the effects of the war. After the Munich Agreement , the community was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the district of Eger until 1945 .
After the end of World War II in May 1945, Markhausen returned to Czechoslovakia and the German-speaking population was expelled . In 1947 the municipality was renamed Olšovka and the following year Pomezná . In the course of the construction of the Iron Curtain , the municipality of Pomezná was dissolved in 1950 and connected to Pomezí nad Ohří . In 1951 the new settlers had to leave Pomezná; it was within the border fortifications of Czechoslovakia during the Cold War . The Pohraniční stráž barracks were built as a border guard, and the village was gradually razed to the ground.
Between 1962 and 1964 the Skalka dam was built in the Egertal to supply the city of Cheb with drinking water and to protect against flooding. On July 1, 1965, the cadastre Pomezná and Rybáře, cut off by the Skalka reservoir from Pomezí nad Ohří, were assigned to the municipality of Libá . At the end of the 1970s a new barracks was built in Dubina and the barracks in Pomezná was demolished. In 1976 the district of Pomezná was officially declared extinct.
The mill on the Eger, the ruins of the medieval gate tower and a holiday home have been preserved.
Culture and sights
- Remains of the gate tower of the Markhausen Fortress destroyed in 1462; the building called "Frankenturm" or "Kasten" later became part of homestead no. 1. When the owner of farm no. 1, Nikolaus Diener, removed the dilapidated upper part of the tower in 1908 and replaced the walls of the first floor with a new one Wanted to build a barn, the writer Alois John initiated a collection to preserve the tower and achieved its protection as a monument. After the destruction of the village, the tower was left to decay. Two-storey wall remains and the barrel vault of the cellar have been preserved from the square structure with a cellar and eight meters long.
- Skalka reservoir
- Rathsam nature reserve at the confluence of the Röslau and Eger rivers
literature
- Markhausen, CSR Markhausen, CSSR Pomezna, local history with illustrations, the house owners in 1945 and the names of the fallen soldiers of the First and Second World War , in: Heimatkreis Eger, history of a German landscape in documentations and memories. Publisher: Egerer Landtag eV home association for Eger town and country, Amberg in the Upper Palatinate 1981, page 387 f.
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/681628/Pomezna
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj/08162/Pomezna
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. City and district of Eger. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).