Ponkan

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ponkan, Citrus poonensis
Synonyms Cravo Tardia, Oneco, Warnurco, Emperor of Canton
Ponkan tree in Florida

Ponkan tree in Florida

Art tangerine
group Citrus
Launch early 19th century in Taiwan; from around 1880 Japan and USA
ancestry

Hybrid of
Citrus reticulata × Citrus maxima

Ponkan ( Chinese  椪 柑 , Pinyin pènggān , Japanese ポ ン カ ン, 凸 柑 both ponkan , Citrus reticulata convar "Ponkan" or Citrus poonensis , "Chinese honey orange") is a very sweet citrus variety that produces fruits the size of an orange. It is a cultivar of the tangerine into which the grapefruit genome has been crossed ( introgression ).

Until well into the 21st century, it was believed to have been grown exclusively from the mandarin.

The origin of the name Ponkan (Citrus poonensis) is not clear, it may be derived from the Indian town of Pune .

The mandarin variety "Emperor of Canton" is similar to identical to the Ponkan. It is also similar to the Nagpur variety, which is traded as Ponkan in India.

Variety description

Ponkans for sale in Japan

The fruit is round, about 7 to 8 cm in diameter and, depending on the growing area, weighs 140 to 170  g . The sugar content ranges from 10 to 15 degrees Brix . The Ponkan has a loose shell, which makes it easy to peel. She inherited this property from the Dekopon bred from her . Like most mandarins, it has little resistance to cold.

Trees can be propagated by seeds , as the variety is true to the nucleus. In addition, the increase is often done through the refinement of scions on a special pad , preferably onto the root stock of the trifoliate orange .

According to the Taiwanese Agriculture Council, the Ponkan had occurred in Taiwan since the early 19th century. It is rich in vitamin A and vitamin C as well as calcium , magnesium , phosphate and zinc .

Substances such as β-cryptoxanthin are extracted from the shell of the Ponkan ; The bowl is also suitable for making orange peel . The traditional Chinese medicine says to her shell various healing effects.

In Taiwan Attached Ponkan mature from September to December, those from the region of Riverside in California from November to January.

Cultivation

In 2016, Taiwan harvested 107,086 tons of Ponkan on a cultivated area of ​​5572  hectares . The main production areas were on the west coast (districts Chiayi 31,988 t, Yunlin 13,738 t, Miaoli 11,547 t, and the cities of Taichung 25,560 t, Tainan 18,395 t). Ponkans accounted for a good quarter of citrus production in Taiwan. In terms of quantity, this was the second most frequently harvested citrus fruit (after the Liucheng orange) in Taiwan. Ponkans from Taiwan are mainly exported to Japan, Hong Kong and Canada.

In 2010, Japan harvested 27,699 tons of Ponkan on a cultivated area of ​​2133 hectares. The main cultivation areas were the prefectures Ehime (9568 t), Kagoshima (4664 t), Kōchi (2712 t). Most of the ponkans consumed were imported from Taiwan.

It was first grown in the United States by Carlo Roman in 1880. His former grove near Hawthorne in Putnam County, Florida is still productive today.

The city of Teresópolis in Brazil hosts a Ponkan festival every year.

Web links

Commons : Citrus poonensis  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Robert Willard Hodgson: The Citrus Industry - Horticultural Varieties of Citrus - Chapter 4. University of California, 1967, accessed on March 26, 2018 (English).
  2. ↑ Daijirin: https://kotobank.jp/word/ 椪 柑 ・ 凸 柑 -385445
  3. ^ "A genealogy of the citrus family"
  4. ↑ Albert Wu, Simon Prochnik, Jerry Jenkins, Jerome Salse, Uffe Hellsten, Florent Murat, Xavier Perrier, Manuel Ruiz, Simone Scalabrin, Javier Terol, Marco Aurélio Takita, Karine Labadie, Julie Poulain, Arnaud Couloux, Kamel Jabbari, Federica Cattonaro, Cristian Del Fabbro, Sara Pinosio, Andrea Zuccolo, Jarrod Chapman, Jane Grimwood, Francisco R Tadeo, Leandro H Estornell, Juan V Muñoz-Sanz, Victoria Ibanez, Amparo Herrero-Ortega, Pablo Aleza, Julián Pérez-Pérez, Daniel Ramón, Dominique Brunel, François Luro, Chunxian Chen, William G Farmerie, Brian Desany, Chinnappa Kodira, Mohammed Mohiuddin, Tim Harkins, Karin Fredrikson, Paul Burns, Alexandre Lomsadze, Mark Borodovsky, Giuseppe Reforgiato, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Francis Quetier, Luis Navarro, Mikeal Roose, Patrick Wincker, Jeremy Schmutz, Michele Morgante, Marcos Antonio Machado, Manuel Talon, Olivier Jaillon, Patrick Ollitrault, Frederick Gmitter, Daniel Rokhsar: Sequencing of diverse mandarin, pummelo and orange genomes reveals co mplex history of admixture during citrus domestication . In: Nature Biotechnology . tape 32 , no. 7 , July 1, 2014, ISSN  1087-0156 , p. 656–662 , doi : 10.1038 / nbt.2906 , PMID 24908277 , PMC 4113729 (free full text) - (English).
  5. ↑ Noelle A. Barkley, Mikeal L. Roose, Robert R. Krueger, Claire T. Federici: Assessing genetic diversity and population structure in a citrus germplasm collection utilizing simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs) . In: Theoretical and Applied Genetics . 112, No. 8, April 20, 2006, ISSN  0040-5752 , pp. 1519-1531. doi : 10.1007 / s00122-006-0255-9 . PMID 16699791 .
  6. ↑ Identifying Jiao & Lu mandarins. Accessed March 31, 2018 .
  7. ↑ CRC3727. University of California, accessed April 3, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Arlet Patrícia Franco, Carmen Cecilia Tadini, Jorge Andrey Wilhelms Gut: Predicting the dielectric behavior of orange and other citrus fruit juices at 915 and 2450 MHz . In: International Journal of Food Properties . July 18, 2017, p. 1–21 , doi : 10.1080 / 10942912.2017.1347674 .
  9. ↑ a b MASANOBU AJISAKA: Isolation of cryptoxanthin from peel of "PONKAN" (Citrus poonensis hoard) and from fruit skin of "Togarasi" (Capsicum annuiim L.) , Oxford University Press - The Journal of Biochemistry , Vol. 34, no. 3, p. 421, October 10, 1941
  10. ^ A b Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, ROC (Taiwan): Ponkan Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, ROC (Taiwan). Accessed March 26, 2018 .
  11. ↑ ponkan. University of California, accessed March 26, 2018 .
  12. ↑ II 農 業 生 產 / AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION - (I) 作 物 生 產 / CROP PRODUCTION. Agriculture Council of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China, 2016, accessed May 22, 2018 (Chinese / English, page 77: 5. Fruit (2) Pineapples, Ponkans).
  13. ↑ 特産 果樹 生産 動態 等 調査 ("Survey on special fruit production dynamics"). Retrieved May 24, 2018 (Japanese, search for “ポ ン カ ン” on the website https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/database?page=1 ).
  14. ↑ Festa da Ponkan, Teresópolis (Portuguese) ( Memento from December 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive )