Potocki Palace (Jabłonna)
| Jabłonna Palace | ||
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.JPG) Front |
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| Creation time : | 1773 | |
| Castle type : | palace | |
| Conservation status: | Receive | |
| Place: | Jabłonna | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 22 '29 " N , 20 ° 54' 51" E | |
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The Potocki Palace (also called Jabłonna Palace , Polish: Pałac w Jabłonnie ) in Jabłonna is a palace located in a park complex, today an early Classicist palace on the right side of the Vistula around 20 kilometers outside of Warsaw . Formerly the residence of the members of two important Polish families, it now serves as an event center and has an attached hotel.
history
Since the 15th century, Jabłonna has belonged to the Płock bishops . At a later date it was chosen by the bishops as a summer residence. One of them, Karl Ferdinand Wasa , built a private chapel in 1646 that belonged to a residential building about which nothing is known today.
Michał Poniatowski
In 1773 the brother of King Stanislaus II August Poniatowski , Michał Poniatowski, was appointed Bishop of Płock. In the same year he bought the property in Jabłonna from the episcopal chapter to convert it into a modern residence. In 1774, construction work began based on designs by Domenico Merlini ; first new farm buildings were erected in the Vorwerk , then construction of the residence began. In the mid-1780s, the residence and the park with the buildings located there were completed.
The originally Baroque residential complex consisted of the single-storey palace with a high central risalit , two square, three-storey pavilions and a two-storey outbuilding that adjoined the right pavilion. The palace served as the bishop's apartment, while the court and guests were accommodated in the pavilions and the outbuilding. Stanislaus II stayed in the left pavilion on the occasion of his visits to his brother; the building is therefore still called the “King's Pavilion” today.
The park in the English landscape style was designed by Szymon Bogumił Zug . He also designed several smaller park structures, three of which still exist today: the grotto (1778), the orangery (around 1780) and the Chinese pavilion (1784). According to a legend that is still known today, the cave was the beginning of an underground tunnel that is said to have led under the Vistula to the Warsaw district of Bielany .
Jożef Poniatowski
In 1794 the war hero Józef Antoni Poniatowski , a nephew of the bishop, inherited the property. At first, however, the new owner could not live in the palace, as he was forced to move to Vienna after the Third Partition of Poland . After returning to Warsaw in 1798, he lived alternately in the palace under the tin roof in Warsaw's old town and in the palace in Jabłonna. His girlfriend, Countess Henriette de Vauban represented in both objects. Poniatowski lived generously and had his own band and several horse stables. In Jabłonna he lived on the ground floor of the right pavilion. Here he also brought together his extensive archive collection, which is now in the Warsaw Main Archive of Old Files (Polish: Archiwum Głowne Akt Dawnych ).
After his death in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, the palace first fell to Poniatowski's sister Teresa Tyszkiewicz, who, according to her brother's will, gave it to Anna Potocka, née. Tyszkiewicz inherited. The Potocka, who married General Stanisław Dunin-Wąsowicz after their divorce in 1821, took over Jabłonna in 1822 and began repairing the buildings. The art-loving and intellectual "Anetka" designed parts of the complex in memory of Józef Poniatowski; In addition to the layout and exhibition of a collection of memorabilia, she had a triumphal arch with the inscription "For Poniatowski" built in the park. A board she installed and still in existence on the north side of the palace provides information:
" The hero's
hermitage, carefully decorated
without touching the souvenirs,
I passed on to the descendants
1837 ADW "
Reconstruction of the ensemble
In 1827 a new gate with granite columns from the Marienburg and two guard houses were built at the park entrance . Enrico Marconi completely rebuilt the palace for the Duni-Wąsowicz in 1837; With the exception of the round, baroque state salon, all interior rooms were redesigned and an additional suite of rooms was created. The facade was given a delicate pilaster structure. On the north side of the palace a pergola , no longer preserved today, was added, in which a lapidarium was installed. The winter garden was given a contemporary metal construction. Under Marconi, new farm buildings and stables with sheds were built.
The subsequent owners of the property were Maurycy Potocki and, from 1879, his son August, who was generally known as "Count Guccio" and was very popular with the Polish population because of his open dislike of the Russian rulers . Under the Potocki , the property hardly changed, but a flood dike towards the Vistula had to be built in the park, which from then on restricted the view to the west. In 1905 the son of the fun-loving "Count Gucci", Maurycy Potocki, inherited the palace and remained its owner until it was expropriated in 1945.
World War II and post-war period
From September 5 to 7, 1939, the palace housed the headquarters of the “Modlin” army, whose units were deployed in defensive positions around Warsaw to repel the attack on Poland . In the further course of the war, German troops created fortified machine-gun positions at the nearby Vistula bend to secure the river crossing. In 1944 soldiers of the 6th SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment "Theodor Eicke" ( 3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf ) were deployed here during the Warsaw Uprising . In August 1944 the ensemble was burned down by the Wehrmacht .
In 1953 the Polish Academy of Sciences received the ruins. The PAN had the facility rebuilt as a recreation and conference center. The palace was rebuilt according to plans by Mieczysław Kuźma , while Gerard Antoni Ciołek carried out the reconstruction of the park.
The completed palace is a mixture of different building epochs and does not correspond to any earlier construction stage, which distinguishes it from the palaces built in Warsaw, which (on the outside) represent a copy of a certain construction stage. The middle part got its look back from the 18th century, the two side parts contain the elements added by Marconi, but were decorated differently during the reconstruction. The auxiliary building connected to the right pavilion was also increased to three floors.
The art collection that existed there until shortly before the palace was destroyed was saved in time by the Potocki family for Warsaw; it was later split up and sold abroad.
After the reconstruction, the house of the creative work of the PAN employees moved here.
today
The operating company of the complex is Dom Zjazdów i Konferencji w Jabłonnie , an institution of the PAN; the address is Ulica Modlińska 105 . The palace can be rented for private celebrations through the operator; company events and weddings are often held here. Concerts, art exhibitions and science shows (such as the science festival) are held here. The park is open to the public. In the former orangery there is now an art gallery.
A public restaurant is located in the basement of the palace, and a hotel with 26 rooms is located in the pavilion on the right and the adjoining building. In 2008 the facility was listed among the ten best conference venues in historic buildings in Poland.
architecture
Today the building has a slightly baroque character, the decorations are early classical. The unusual body of the building presents itself as a basement, rectangular ground floor building with a high central projection in the rear part. The roof of the core building is kept quite flat, the front is made up of a roof terrace and a square turret standing in the middle, that of a roof helmet with a large attached World globe is crowned, dominates. On the garden side, the massive, three-sided central projection with beveled corners protrudes from the building. The round saloon is located in the risalits. Next to this salon, which is the central room of the building, there are halls on the left and right, one of which served as a winter garden and the other as a dining room. In the adjoining corner rooms there were small apartments with bedrooms and cloakrooms.
The round salon is significantly higher than the other rooms. It is structured by composite pilasters that support a balcony. Szymon Mańkowski originally painted the ceiling of the salon with a cloudy sky. The original painting no longer exists. The salon is - like other rooms - designed in a classical style today, some preserved paintings in niches have been restored. The original stucco in the salon was made by Antonio Bianchi in 1775. In the basement there are other halls under the vault, which were painted by Antonio Tavello in 1776. These paintings have been preserved and have been restored. The “King's Pavilion” on the left was painted with grotesques by Szymon Mańkowski in 1778 ; landscape paintings and allegorical depictions of four continents in the form of women are preserved on the first floor . The furniture present in the palace today was moved here from other locations after the reconstruction.
References and comments
- ^ Mateusz Tokarski (1747–1807) was a Polish painter
- ^ Franciszek Paderewski (vmtl. 1767–1819) he a Polish painter and restorer
- ^ Jan Zachariasz Frey (1769–1829) was a Polish painter
- ↑ Michał Jerzy Poniatowski (1736–1794) was a secretary to the grand crown, bishop and primate of Poland
- ↑ Henriette de Vauban, b. Barbantan (* around 1753) was the friend, confidante and presumably lover of Józef Poniatowski, who had a great influence in Warsaw society
- Jump up ↑ Count Stanisław Wąsowicz-Dunin (1785–1864) was a Polish general in the November uprising
- ↑ August Potocki (1847–1905) was a sportsman and owner of property in Jabłonna, Zator and Wola Starogrodzka
- ^ Gerard Ciołek (1909–1966) was a Polish architect and park historian
- ↑ according to the Dziesięć NAJ ranking of the Meetings Management publishing house, 2008
- ↑ Szymon Mańkowski was a painter who worked in Poland in the second half of the 18th century and specialized in portraits and church paintings
See also
literature
- Tadeusz S. Jaroszewski: Palaces and Residences in Warsaw. Interpress publishing house, Warsaw 1985, ISBN 83-223-2049-3 , p. 112 ff.
- Janina Rukowska: Travel guide to Warsaw and surroundings. 3. Edition. Sport i Turystyka, Warsaw 1982, ISBN 83-217-2380-2 , p. 167.
- Reinhold Vetter: Warszawa / Warsaw. In: Poland. History, art and landscape of an ancient European cultural nation . DuMont art travel guide. 3. Edition. DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1991, ISBN 3-7701-2023-X , p. 216.
Web links
- Website ( memento of April 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) of the palace operator (in English)
- Detailed description at Sztuka.net (in Polish)