Przemislaus I. (Teschen)

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Przemislaus I.

Przemislaus I. (also Przemislaw, Premek, Primko ; Czech Přemyslav I. Nošák , Polish Przemysław I Noszak ; * between 1332 and 1336; † 1410 ) was Duke of Teschen from 1358 to 1410 , from 1369 heir of half of Beuthen , half of Tost and half of Gleiwitz and, from 1384, of half (royal) Glogau and half Steinau and a portion of Guhrau . He held the office of imperial court judge and in 1384 imperial vicar for the Bohemian lands.

Because of his work as a successful advisor and diplomat to the Roman, German and Bohemian kings Charles IV and Wenceslaus , he is considered the most important Duke of Teschen and the most capable of the Silesian dukes of his time.

Origin and family

Przemislaus came from the Teschen branch of the Silesian Piasts . His parents were Duke Casimir I and Eufemia of Mazovia. Around 1360/63 he married Elisabeth († 1373), daughter of Duke Boleslaus von Beuthen . Children came from marriage

Life

Since Przemislaus older brothers Wladislaus and Boleslaus had already died when their father died in 1358, Przemislaus succeeded him as Duke of Teschen. At the same time he inherited Sewerien , which previously belonged to the Duchy of Schweidnitz for a short time . The dispute over the inheritance of the late Boleslaus von Beuthen , whose daughter Elisabeth was betrothed to Przemislaus, which had been going on since 1354 , could not be settled until 1369. Przemislaus received half of Beuthen including Tost and Peiskretscham and half of Gleiwitz , while the remaining possessions of his father-in-law, who died 25 years ago, fell to the Duchy of Oels .

In 1365 Przemislaus accompanied Emperor Charles IV to Pope Urban V in Avignon . As an imperial plenipotentiary, he agreed in 1372 with the Hungarian palatine Wladislaus II of Opole and the papal nuncio to marry Charles IV, then four-year-old son Sigismund, with the Hungarian king's daughter Maria . Before 1377 he acquired the Sohrau lordship from the Duchy of Ratibor as pledge .

After Charles's death in 1378, Przemislaus was one of the closest advisors to the Roman-German and Bohemian King Wenceslaus , who had the same confidence in him as his father. In 1381 he negotiated successfully in England the marriage of Wenceslas sister Anna to the English King Richard II , which took place a year later. For this mission he was rewarded by the English king with an annual salary, and in 1384 King Wenzel transferred to him the royal share of half of Glogau , to which half of Guhrau belonged since 1375 and half of Steinau , which he lost again in 1404.

After King Wenceslas was captured in 1384, Przemislaus held the office of imperial vicar , which is why he temporarily took up residence in Frankfurt am Main . Together with the Margrave Jobst of Moravia , the Wroclaw Bishop Konrad von Oels and the Olomouc Bishop Johann Sobieslav as well as the Dukes of Liegnitz, Oels, Glogau and Troppau, Przemislaus concluded a treaty in Hotzenplotz in 1389 to maintain the peace and for mutual protection from the Moravian Margrave Procopius . After Wenceslas was arrested again and deported to Austria in 1393, Przemislaus remained loyal to his king. In 1394 he brought him back to Bohemia together with his stepbrother Johann von Görlitz and other nobles. After Wenzel's dismissal in 1396, which was preceded by the murders at Karlstein Castle initiated by Duke Johann II in Opava , in which Wenceslas councilors and favorites Stefan Poduška von Martinitz , Stefan von Opočno , Burkhard Strnad von Janowitz and the prior of the Order of St. John Marquard von Strakonitz Found death, Przemislaus in Frankfurt tried in vain to stand up for King Wenzel. In 1397 Przemislaus was one of the signatories of an agreement that also included the Wroclaw Bishop and the Dukes of Liegnitz, Glogau, Opole and Auschwitz, as well as the Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło . With the agreement, the securing of the common borders and the future prevention of unrest in this area was agreed upon, whereby Duke Przemislaus was appointed "elder", which gave him certain rights.

After King Wenzel was captured by his successor Sigismund together with his cousin Prokop of Moravia and brought to Vienna, the Silesian League was formed in 1402, with Przemislaus playing a key role, which intended the liberation and restoration of Wenceslas and pursued the maintenance of the peace. In 1406 the Duchy of Auschwitz fell to him , which his son Przemislaus I of the same name, murdered in 1406, had inherited from Johann II of Teschen-Auschwitz only a year earlier.

Przemislaus suffered from severe podagra in his last years , which is why he had to be carried in a litter. Therefore, after his death in 1410, he was nicknamed Nošák / Noszek (“the one carried”). His body was buried in the Dominican church in Teschen . His tombstone is said to have been artistically designed on the model of the tumba of the Bohemian King Ottokar II Přemysl .

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predecessor Office successor
Casimir I. Duke of Teschen
1358–1410 		Boleslaus I.
personal data
SURNAME Przemislaus I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Przemislaw I of Teschen; Přemek I of Teschen; Přimko I of Teschen
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Teschen (1358–1410), at times also Duke of Beuthen, Tost, Gleiwitz, Glogau and Steinau
DATE OF BIRTH between 1332 and 1336
DATE OF DEATH 1410