Pyrantel

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Pyrantel
other names	trans -1-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2- (thienyl) vinyl pyrimidine; ( E ) -1-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2- (thienyl) vinyl pyrimidine;
Molecular formula	C 11 H 14 N 2 S
Brief description	pale yellow to yellow powder (pyrantel embonate)
External identifiers / databases
EC number	239-774-1
ECHA InfoCard	100.036.143
PubChem	708857
ChemSpider	618121
DrugBank	DB11156
Wikidata	Q426897
Drug information
ATC code	P02 CC01
Drug class	Anthelmintic
properties
Molar mass	206.32 g · mol -1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	178-179 ° C (pyrantel)
solubility	practically insoluble in water, soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide , practically insoluble in methanol (pyrantel embonate)
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS labeling of hazardous substances	no GHS pictograms
	no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases	H: no H-phrases
	P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data	> 24 g kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral , pyrantel embonate)
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Pyrantel is a medicinal substance against worm diseases of the digestive tract in humans and animals. Pyrantel belongs to the group of tetrahydropyrimidines.

Drug

The active ingredient is used as a salt of emboxylic acid (pamoic acid). Pure pyramid embonate or pyramid pamoate is a tasteless, crystalline salt with a yellowish-brown color. It does not dissolve in water. Freshly made fabrics do not have a long shelf life because they decompose under light, air and heat. Using suitable auxiliaries, pyrantel embonate is formulated as a chewable tablet or suspension (human medicine). Pastes, tablets, suspensions and powders are available for animals.

application

Pyrantel is effective against pinworms ( Oxyuriasis ), roundworms ( Ascariasis ), hookworms ( Ancylostoma duodenale ), nematodes ( Trichostrongylus colubriformis ) and the American hookworm ( Necator americanus ). By paralyzing the muscle-supplying nerves in the worms, the medicinal substance restricts movement, which leads to excretion from the host organism. Pyrantel is a drug of choice as an alternative to the broad spectrum antihelminthic mebendazole . It is only slightly effective against whipworm and is not indicated for treatment. Only a small percentage of pyrantel is absorbed into the bloodstream. The peak concentration in the blood plasma occurs after 1–3 hours. Excretion takes place primarily in the stool and only to a small extent via the kidneys.

In the case of pinworm disease, the entire community should be treated and the cure should be repeated after two weeks.

Warning notices

The drug must not be used in the presence of liver damage, intolerance to one of the pharmaceutical excipients or in children under six months of age. Simultaneous use with a wormer product containing piperazine should also be avoided. Treatment during pregnancy is possible in exceptional cases after the doctor in charge has weighed the benefit-risk ratio. Since pyrantel is excreted in breast milk, a breastfeeding woman should discard the milk during this period.

American doctors warn against consuming alcohol and smoking during treatment.

literature

Yellow list Pharmindex . mmi Der Wissensverlag, Neu-Isenburg, Edition 1, 2008, p. 1010.
Medical pharmacology . Vol. II, Verlag VEB Georg Thieme, Leipzig, 1984, p. 883.
August Stich: worm infections. Part 1: Intestinal helminths . MMW update Med. 143: 324-326 (2001).
Technical information Helmex, as of September 2007.

Trade names

Monopreparations

Cobantril (CH), Combantrin (A), Helmex (D)

Veterinary medicine

Banminth (A, D, CH), Combantrin (A), Dolpac (A), Drontal (A), Hippoparex (D), Hippotwin (A), Plerion (D, A), Sepantel (A), Welpan (A)

Web links

Entry to pyrantel at Vetpharm, accessed on 23 November 2011th
Pyrantel at Mayoclinic

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c data sheet PYRANTEL EMBONATE CRS (PDF) at EDQM , accessed on March 1, 2009.
↑ Entry on Pyrantel. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on May 30, 2014.
↑ Data sheet Pyrantel pamoate at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 14, 2017 ( PDF ).

[Ph._Eur.-1] ta sheet PYRANTEL EMBONATE CRS (PDF) at EDQM , accessed on March 1, 2009.

[RÖMPP_Online-2] Entry on Pyrantel. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on May 30, 2014.

[Sigma-3] Data sheet Pyrantel pamoate at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 14, 2017 ( PDF ).