QEMU
| QEMU
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| Basic data
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| developer | Fabrice Bellard et al. v. m. |
| Publishing year | 2003 |
| Current version |
5.1.0 ( August 11, 2020 ) |
| operating system | Windows , GNU / Linux , BSD , macOS , Haiku |
| programming language | C. |
| category | Emulation , virtualization |
| License | GPL 2 |
| German speaking | Yes |
| https://www.qemu.org/ | |
QEMU (of English " Q uick emu lator") is a free virtualization software that all hardware emulates a computer and through the dynamic translation of the processor instructions of the host processor ( english guest ) into instructions for the host processor ( English host ) a very good execution speed reached .
QEMU emulates systems with the following processor architectures : x86 , x64 , PowerPC (32- and 64-bit), ARM (32- and 64-bit), Alpha , CRIS , HPPA , LatticeMico32 , m68k or Coldfire , MicroBlaze , MIPS , Moxie , Nios II , SH-4 , S / 390 , Sparc32 / 64 , TILE-Gx , TriCore , OpenRISC , RISC-V , Unicore and Xtensa (as of 2019).
QEMU runs on the operating systems GNU / Linux , Windows , FreeBSD , NetBSD , OpenBSD , OpenSolaris , macOS (Mac OS X, non- classic Mac OS ) and Haiku . It can save the entire state of a virtual machine so that it to another host system ( English host system ) are transmitted and can continue to run there ( live migration ).
Under Linux, BSD and macOS, QEMU also supports the "userspace" emulation. This enables programs that have been compiled for a different architecture to be operated in userspace . The processors x86, PowerPC (32- and 64-bit), Alpha, ARM (32- and 64-bit), CRIS, MicroBlaze, 32-bit MIPS, S / 390, SH-4, Sparc32 / 64, m68k / ColdFire and Unicore supported.
Hardware platforms
x86
For virtual x86 machines on x86 computers, kqemu was an add-on module that brought about a considerable increase in speed through the native execution of suitable parts of the machine code. Since the further development since QEMU 0.12 has focused on KVM , the accelerator module kqemu can only be used in QEMU up to version 0.11.
Current versions of QEMU use hardware virtualization - on Linux hosts the kernel-based virtual machine (KVM), which supports processors with hardware virtualization technologies from Intel ( Intel VT ) or AMD ( AMD-V ). A comparable solution is available for macOS and Windows with the Intel Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager (HAXM). This means that QEMU achieves a very good speed on all common desktop operating systems.
Using the HX DOS Extender , QEMU could also run in FreeDOS and DR-DOS .
In addition to the main processor, the following is also emulated :
- CD-ROM / DVD drive via an ISO image or a real drive
- Floppy disk drive
- Graphics card ( Cirrus CLGD 5446 PCI VGA card or standard VGA graphics card with Bochs- VESA BIOS extensions - hardware level, including all non-standard modes , via an experimental patch also with a simplified 3D acceleration via OpenGL)
- NIC (NE2000 PCI network adapter) and a DHCP - Server
- Parallel interface
- System speakers
- two PCI ATA interfaces with support for a maximum of four hard disk images in their own format or in the format of VMware , VirtualPC , Bochs , Knoppix (cloop) and dd (raw format)
- PCI and ISA system ( i440FX host PCI bridge and PIIX3 PCI to ISA bridge )
- PS / 2 mouse and keyboard
- Serial interface
- Sound card ( Sound Blaster 16, ES1370 PCI, GUS )
- USB controller (Intel SB82371, UHCI; see USB # The various host controllers )
The PC BIOS used is SeaBIOS from the coreboot project, which replaces the Bochs BIOS from earlier versions. The Plex86 -BIOS from the Bochs project is used for VGA .
PowerPC
As PowerPC Firmware is open Hack'Ware , an open-firmware -compatible firmware used.
PowerMac
QEMU emulates the following PowerMac peripherals:
- UniNorth PCI Bridge
- PCI-VGA compatible graphics card with VESA Bochs extensions
- two PMAC IDE interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support
- NE2000 PCI adapter
- Non volatile RAM
- VIA-CUDA with ADB keyboard and mouse
PReP
The PowerPC Reference Platform (PReP) is a standard for PowerPC-based computers and is intended to be a reference implementation. PReP has already been replaced by the Common Hardware Reference Platform (CHRP) .
QEMU emulates the following PReP peripherals:
- PCI bridge
- PCI-VGA compatible graphics card with VESA Bochs extensions
- two IDE interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support
- Floppy disk drive
- NE2000 network adapter
- Serial interface
- PReP Non Volatile RAM
- PC-compatible keyboard and mouse
Sparc
Sun SPARC architecture = ( S calable P rocessor ARC hitecture)
Up to version 0.8.1 Proll , a PROM replacement, was used as the BIOS of the JavaStation (sun4m architecture) , in version 0.8.2 it was replaced by OpenBIOS .
QEMU emulates the following sun4m peripherals:
- IOMMU
- TCX frame buffer
- Lance (Am7990) Ethernet
- Non volatile RAM M48T08
- Slave I / O: timers, interrupt controllers, Zilog serial ports
Guest additions
Similar to other virtualization solutions such as VirtualBox , so-called guest additions are also available for QEMU for various guest operating systems. They serve to expand the integration between the host and guest system or to improve function and data throughput. For example, with the guest extension Qemu Guest Agent, a full backup can be performed while the guest system is running - stopping, creating the backup and then restarting the guest system (to create a consistent image) are no longer necessary. Other extensions make virtual hardware interfaces such as special network cards or SATA interfaces available. The special design of these virtual interfaces enables a higher data throughput to be achieved. While Linux and most of the usual Linux distributions automatically bring these guest additions and support for virtual devices in the guest system or allow subsequent installation from the respective distribution, the so-called Virtio drivers must be installed separately for guest systems such as Windows .
When using SPICE as the console interface - SPICE has been directly supported by QEMU since 2010 - the SPICE guest add-ons for graphic interfaces in the guest system allow, for example, any graphic resolution to be specified in the virtual graphics card by selecting the window size on the output device.
more details
It is possible to start live CD and boot disk images .
You do not need administrator rights to use QEMU under Windows. QEMU can be used as portable software on a USB stick . To install a 64-bit operating system on Mac OS X , Apple's Rosetta extension is required.
Many virtualization solutions ( VirtualBox , Xen , FAUmachine , Win4BSD, Win4Solaris, Win4Lin) use parts of the QEMU source code.
Thanks to the openness of the source and the configuration with start options, the development of tool and auxiliary programs for QEMU is unproblematic. With the QEMU Manager and AQEMU , QEMU can be operated via a graphical user interface .
See also
literature
- Robert Warnke, Thomas Ritzau: qemu-kvm & libvirt . 2010, ISBN 978-3-8370-0876-0 .
Web links
- Qemu Manual on LinuxClub
- Qemu: boot from hard disk several times (English)
- QEMU binaries for Windows
Individual evidence
- ↑ www.qemu.org .
- ↑ List of supported operating systems (English)
- ↑ QEMU . Open Hub (accessed December 27, 2009).
- ↑ QEMU Documentation - QEMU wiki accessed November 28, 2019
- ↑ Qemu 1.2.0 improves Live Migration , Heise Zeitschriften Verlag, accessed September 7, 2012
- ↑ Documentation / KQemu
- ↑ QEMU 0.12.0-rc1 does not support KQEMU . December 7, 2009, accessed April 10, 2012 (error message on Launchpad ).
- ↑ Proll BIOS
- ↑ Windows Virtio Drivers. Retrieved December 24, 2017 .
- ↑ Understanding Guest Agents and Other Tools. Retrieved December 24, 2017 .
- ↑ Virtualization with Q and Qemu - Article at Netzwelt.de , June 27, 2011
- ↑ AQEMU ( Memento of the original from November 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
