Reddish lacquer funnel
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Reddish lacquer funnel ( Laccaria laccata ) |
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| ( Scop. ) Cooke |
The reddish lacquer funnel or red lacquer mushroom ( Laccaria laccata ) is a type of mushroom from the family of heather truffle relatives (Hydnangiaceae).
features
Macroscopic features
The reddish lacquer funnel forms relatively small fruit bodies, which can fade strongly when drying ( hygrophanity ). The hat is 1–6 cm in diameter, arched when young and later flattened until depressed in the middle. It appears moist or young, sometimes in various shades of salmon pink, (brick) red or orange or (pinkish) brown tones; dry (and / or older) it appears more monotonous and paler and can look washed out, colorless and dreary. The surface is smooth to finely flaky. The edge is initially rolled up and later becomes wavy. The irregular and wide-standing lamellae are sloping or attached and have a similar color to the hat, although they become whiter as the spores mature. The spore powder appears white. The cylindrical, tough-fibrous stem is 5–10 cm long, 6–10 mm thick and colored similar to the hat. The thin meat ( trama ) has little taste and a weak spicy odor.
Microscopic features
The spores are slightly elliptical in shape with a diameter of 6 to 10 micrometers and up to 1 micrometer long spines on the surface.
Species delimitation
The reddish lacquer funnel is very variable because it changes its appearance when it is dry, and is therefore difficult to determine. There are several known varieties. It is safe for eaters to confuse them with other species from the same genus. The most common of these are the two-colored lacquer funnel ( Laccaria bicolor ) with violet lamellae and a purple-colored mycelial felt at the base of the stem and the brown-red lacquer funnel ( L. proxima ), which does not occur in America. He is usually larger and stronger, his hat is often finely scaly. It also occurs in wetter areas and its spores are narrower.
If you only look at it superficially, the reddish lacquer funnel can be confused with some partially poisonous species, for example from the genera of the veils or crack fungi as well as the helmets , umbilicals or swindles . The slats are the best distinguishing feature.
Ecology and phenology
It grows in distributed groups in wooded areas and in heathland, often on nutrient-poor soils . It is widespread in all northern temperate zones , but tends to prefer cooler weather. It forms mycorrhizal symbioses with various tree species, including pine , beech and birch plants . Lacquer funnels are seen by some as pioneer species (compare pioneer plant ).
It is quite common and fruit from June to November.
distribution
The reddish lacquer funnel is widespread in Europe and North America and as far as Mexico and Costa Rica . In North America, the round-spore variety pallidifolia described by Charles Horton Peck is the most common, in Central Europe this variety is also found almost exclusively.
meaning
Although quite small, it is edible (like all lacquer funnels) and has a mild taste. It is a traditional food of the Zapotecs , the indigenous people in the territory of the Mexican state Oaxaca , and bears the ambiguous name "Beshia ladhi biinii".
Systematics and taxonomy
There are several described varieties of the reddish lacquer funnel. It represents the type of the worldwide widespread genus of lacquer funnellings ( Laccaria ), the exact integration of which in the system of lamellar fungi is still unclear, although it is currently assigned to the family of heather truffle relatives ( Hydnangiaceae ). It has also been assigned to the genus of the funnellings ( Clitocybe ) or the family of knight relatives (Tricholomataceae).
The first scientific publication of this kind took place in 1772 under the name Agaricus laccatus and comes from the Tyrolean naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli . It received its current scientific name in 1884 from Mordecai Cubitt Cooke . The specific epithet laccata is derived from the Latin adjective laccatus , which means something like “lacquered” or “shiny”, although this in no way corresponds to the appearance of this mushroom with its matt surfaces.
swell
- ^ Roger Phillips: Mushrooms . A comprehensive guide with over 1,250 detailed photographs of mushrooms and other fungi. Macmillan, 2006, ISBN 0-330-44237-6 , pp. 102 (English).
- ↑ Markus Flück: Which mushroom is that? 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-440-11561-9 , pp. 178 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , pp. 128 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: Edible mushrooms and their poisonous doppelgangers. Collect mushrooms - the right way . Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10240-8 , pp. 43 .
- ^ Jean-Louis Lamaison, Jean-Marie Polese: The Great Encyclopedia of Mushrooms . Könemann, Tandem Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8331-1239-3 , p. 83 (French, original title: Grand guide encyclopédique des champignons . Translated by Josephine Bacon (Chanterelle Translations, London)).
- ↑ a b David Arora: Mushrooms Demystified. A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi . Ed .: Ten Speed Press. Berkeley, California 1986, ISBN 0-89815-169-4 , pp. 172 (English).
- ↑ Roberto Garibay-Orijel, Javier Caballero, Arturo Estrada Torres, Joaquín Cifuentes: Understanding cultural significance, the edible mushrooms case . In: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine . tape 3 , no. 4 , January 11, 2007, p. 4 , doi : 10.1186 / 1746-4269-3-4 , PMID 17217539 , PMC 1779767 (free full text) - (English).
- ^ Giovanni Antonio Scopoli: Flora Carniolica . 2nd Edition. Joannis Thomae Trattner, Vienna 1772, p. 444 (Latin, archive.org ).
- ^ Sven Nilsson, Olle Persson: Fungi of Northern Europe (= Penguin nature guides . Volume 2 : Gill-Fungi ). 1st edition. Penguin, 1978, ISBN 0-14-063006-6 , pp. 36 (English).
