Rabensteiner tunnel
| Rabensteiner tunnel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| other names | Rabenstein Gärtchen Otto-Zeche Help God's miners' comfort Wentzelzeche union Consolidated Rabenstein mine |
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| Mining technology | Civil engineering | ||
| Funding / year | 6196 (2nd half of 1923) t | ||
| Funding / total | 182,000 t of hard coal | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | VVB Mineral und Erz Thuringia | ||
| Start of operation | May 27, 1737 | ||
| End of operation | October 1, 1949 | ||
| Successor use | Visitor mine | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Hard coal | |||
| unnamed | |||
| Mightiness | 2 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 36 '7.4 " N , 10 ° 47' 22.9" E | ||
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| Location | Net hangover | ||
| local community | Harz Gate | ||
| country | Free State of Thuringia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Nordhausen-Stolberg | ||
The Rabensteiner tunnel in the Harz mining region is a former mine in the Harztor municipality in the far north of Thuringia , where hard coal was mined. It has been used as a visitor mine since 1981 .
location
The mine is in the Harz near Netzkater at the confluence of the B 81 and B 4 ; on the left bank of the Bere ; immediately south of the Harzquerbahn (directly at the Netzkater stop). It is located on the northwest flank of the Sandlünz mountain on the Rabenklippe .
geology
The roughly 25 m thick coal-bearing layers represent a sequence of the up to 750 m thick Ilfeld layers of the Ilfeld Basin. The coal-bearing layers belong to the Lower Permian and are around 295 million years old. The activated coal seam with a maximum thickness of 2 m is divided into three banks by intermediate means : bench coal 40–60 cm, central coal 20–70 cm and roof coal 20–50 cm. In the lying of the seam a root soil is formed in places. In the Middle Permian, the area was covered by intense volcanism with up to 400 m thick volcanic effluent rocks . The great heat led to a strong coalification , so that today the coals are mainly available as edible coal , lean coal and anthracite . The coal-bearing layers are weakly to intensely deformed and tectonically shifted in places , so that the seam is wedged out in parts and a doubling of the seam can be observed in other places.
history
1st operating period (1737–1770)
At the suggestion of Count Christian Ernst zu Stolberg-Wernigerode , miners looked for brownstone and coal in the Ilfeld Abbey . Around the Easter holidays of 1737, a 68-year-old miner from Dambach discovered a coal seam together with his son in the monastery forest, about 20 meters above today's mouth hole . With the approval of the Ilfeld bailiff Craushaar and the Stolberg forest master from Sophienhof , the mine was operated from May 27, 1737. But it came to a standstill on August 16, as the miners were arrested. The reason for this were disputes about the extent to which the mining of hard coal fell under the mountain shelves of the Counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode or the Ilfeld monastery as landowner. Long-term disputes arose, which were only brought to a conclusion in 1747 through a contract between the Count's House and the Abbey Office. According to this, the mine should henceforth be operated jointly by the Graflich-Stolberg administration in Wernigerode and the Ilfeld Abbey. When this treaty was ratified after four years, the coal mining, which had been briefly operated several times, was officially resumed in 1750. The salines in Frankenhausen and Artern , factories in Herzberg and several forges in the area were supplied .
The first mining fields were already charred in 1750 . An expansion of the routes was not necessary due to the geological conditions. In order to achieve optimal stability, the cross-section of the sections was designed in a teardrop shape. Mainly bank and middle coal were mined. The output consisted of about 20 to 25% coal and 75 to 80% a mixture of coal and fire slate , whereby only the coal could be sold. It was used in blacksmiths and for other commercial purposes. The coal-fire slate mixture with an ash content of 60% was temporarily sold as a house fire . The poor quality of the coal produced resulted in high levels of debt for the company. In 1770 mining was stopped.
2nd operating period (1831-1880)
Production was resumed for a short period between 1831 and 1836. After that, the mine lay in deadlines until the union Wilhelm Stietz & Consorten zu Ilfeld resumed mining in 1849, which, however, soon came to a standstill. On May 1, 1861, the coal mine was put back into operation, which at that time was exclusively owned by Count Otto zu Stolberg-Wernigerode and was originally to be operated for 40 years until 1901. In this context, the deeper Otto tunnel was driven from the Beretal in 1861 . A cross passage was driven from the Rabensteiner adit for extraction, drainage and ventilation to the Otto adit . The production was now brought out through the Otto tunnel. In a settlement dated January 5, 1873, the Ilfeld Abbey renounced its traditional share of the Bergregal in favor of the Counts of Stolberg-Wernigerode.
In 1877 the five gräflich-stolberg-wernigerödischen mines Rabenstein , Gärtchen , Otto-Zeche , Hilfe Gottes and Bergmannstrost operated in the vicinity of Ilfeld were consolidated under the name Rabenstein .
The competition between cheaper and better coal from Silesia and the Ruhr area led to the cessation of production in 1880. On July 30, 1886, the entire inventory including the existing buildings was sold to the highest bidder for demolition.
3rd operating period (1921-1924)
In the economically difficult times after the First World War , people came back to the southern Harz coal. Carl Wentzel from Teutschenthal founded the Wentzelzeche union on October 5, 1921 . The company leased the mining rights to an area of 2.5 km 2 from the Prince of Stolberg-Wernigerode . The goal was to start coal mining in the Otto-Stolln . A light hole in the Otto tunnel was constructed as a shaft for extraction . It was named after the secret mountain judge. The loading facility set up at the shaft was connected to the Harz cross- railway passing by. Due to the unfavorable economic situation of the company and the lack of sales, coal production was severely restricted. The planned coal washing plant was no longer built and operations finally ceased in March 1924. The total production during this time was 11,900 t, of which about half (6,196 t) was applied in the second half of 1923.
4th operating period (1945-1949)
The coal shortage at the end of the Second World War was the reason for the resumption of production in the coal deposits of the southern Harz. Preparations for this were already made in the last weeks of the war, but it was not until 1946 that work on re-opening the deposits began. Nordthüringer Steinkohlen GmbH was founded in June 1946 to carry out the project . The city of Nordhausen and Thüringische Rohstoff AG were partners . On August 1st, 1946, Nordthüringer Steinkohlen GmbH took over the business. The aim of the work was the Rabenstein Consolidated Mine opened up by the Otto-Stolln . This mine field was last operated by the Wentzelzeche union . The work was carried out by the German shaft construction and deep drilling company, formerly Gebhardt & König, state-owned company, Nordhausen ( Schachtbau Nordhausen ). The judge shaft was aufgewältigt and ascended an investigation crosscut. At the beginning of 1948, Nordthüringer Steinkohlen GmbH was taken over by VVB Mineral und Erz Thüringen and operations in Rabenstein were continued as Thuringian coal industry - Ilfeld hard coal works. By then, around 2,700 tons of coal had been mined. Due to the high cost and poor quality of the coal, operations ceased in August 1949. Until then, another 7,800 tons of coal had been mined.
Securing work
In the 1970s, after the collapse of a nearby exploratory shaft in 1974, safety work was carried out on the shafts and tunnels of the region's hard coal mining. The planned safekeeping of the mouth hole of the Rabensteiner adit was ultimately changed so that a show mine was set up there. In 1980, the Bergsicherung Erfurt , based in Ilfeld, installed steel arch support in one area.
Visitor mine
On the day of the miner and the energy worker , the show mine was handed over to the Ilfeld community in 1981 . The Rabensteiner Stollen e. V. Bearer of this technical monument. Since then, extensive work has been done to significantly expand the area available for underground tours, and opening hours have been extended.
Visiting the show mine is possible as part of guided tours that are offered at fixed times. The entrance is by means of a mine train . In addition to the more recent mining of the 19th and 20th centuries, traces of the operating period of the 18th century are shown.
literature
- Friedrich Gloeckner: The hard coal mining of the Harz . In: The Roland . Nordhausen 1956 ( [1] [PDF; 85 kB ; accessed on February 25, 2015]).
- Horst Gaevert: The Ruhr area in the southern Harz . Hard coal mining in Sülzhayn, Ilfeld and Neustadt. In: Glückauf Thuringia . Journal of the regional association of miners, smelters and miners' associations Thuringia e. V. issue 01, 2003, p. 5 ff .
- Wilfried Ließmann : Historical mining in the Harz . Springer, Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-540-31327-4 , pp. 345–347, 405 (Ließmann only cites Gaevert.).
- Uwe Schickedanz: The beginnings of coal mining on the Rabenstein near Ilfeld . In: Harz magazine for the Harz association for history and antiquity . Lukas, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-86732-252-2 , pp. 140 ff .
Web links
- Homepage of the visitor mine
- Christopher Rölke, Stephan Schnapperelle: Geology and mining in the Ilfeld basin. In: pinatubo.net. Retrieved February 25, 2015 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gerd Seidel (Ed.): Geology of Thuringia . Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-510-65166-9 , p. 249 .
- ↑ Wilfried Ließmann : Historical mining in the Harz . Springer, Heidelberg 2010, p. 355 (an old mining collective name for rough, brownish-black manganese ores).
- ^ A b Wilfried Ließmann: Historical mining in the Harz . Springer, Heidelberg 2010, p. 346 (Liessmann only quotes Gaevert.).
- ^ Horst Gaevert: The Ruhr area in the southern Harz . Hard coal mining in Sülzhayn, Ilfeld and Neustadt. In: Glückauf Thuringia . Journal of the regional association of miners, smelters and miners' associations in Thuringia, issue 01, 2003, p. 6 .
- ^ The Thüringer Rohstoff AG was founded on December 22nd, 1936. The main owner was the state of Thuringia.
- ^ Manfred Bornemann: Last mining in the Ilfeld valley. From the operating period 1946 to 1949 - fuel reserves for the domestic economy. In: manganit.de. Retrieved February 26, 2015 .