Rhade (Dorsten)

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Rhade
City of Dorsten
Coat of arms of Rhade
Coordinates: 51 ° 45 ′ 6 ″  N , 6 ° 56 ′ 6 ″  E
Area : 16.53 km²
Residents : 5508  (March 31, 2015)
Population density : 333 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 46286
Area code : 02866
Rhade (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Rhade

Location of Rhade in North Rhine-Westphalia

Center in Rhade with St. Urbanus Church
Center in Rhade
with St. Urbanus Church

Rhade , located in the south of Westmünsterland , has been a district of Dorsten in the Recklinghausen district ( North Rhine-Westphalia ) since 1975 and had 5770 inhabitants in the 1st quarter of 2010.

history

First mentioned in a document in the 13th century (1217: "Rothe"), Rhade initially belonged to Lembeck to the east . In 1489 the parish took place and the parish ("parish") of St. Urbanus was created with the church in the center of the village. Until 1811, however, the owner had the Lembecker castle numerous lands and possessions in Rhade and came here as a court of gentlemen (NB .: The glory Lembeck went from the connected from the 13th century with the castle Lembeck Gogericht District Lembeck [Altschermbeck, alder , Hervest, Holsterhausen, Lembeck, Rhade, Wulfen and in the Middle Ages also Lippramsdorf and Raesfeld comprehensively].) Furthermore, Rhade was in the district of the office on Braem or Brahm (dissolved in the Middle Ages; afterwards Rhade came to the office of Ahaus) and with it the area of ​​the Hochstift Münster .

Under Napoleon , Rhade belonged to Mairie Altschermbeck from 1811 to 1813 , which under Prussian rule from 1813 was converted into the Altschermbeck mayor (1828–1844 incorporated into the Lembeck mayor ) and later to the Altschermbeck office (until 1929). From 1844 to 1974 the municipality of Rhade provided its own elected mayor. Furthermore, Rhade was under the administration of the Hervest-Dorsten Office between 1929 and 1974 . In 1975 Rhade finally went on as a district in the vestic city of Dorsten , whereby the community rights expired.

Surname

The name refers to the origin of the place through the clearing of forest areas in order to make space for settlement, meadows and arable land.

Early period (approx. 4000 BC to 600 AD)

The first settlements of people in the Rhader area are documented over 6000 years ago. At that time the people in this area began to give up the way of life of hunting and gathering in favor of agriculture. So found z. B. Neolithic artefacts of the funnel beaker culture at the Cold Bach (stool grave), the bell beaker culture in 1937 on the Fischedick farm (flint blade), and 1946 between the Heßling and Leying farms, stone axes from the zone beaker culture. Finds at the Kalten Bach (grave field with over 80 hills) and a grave between the mill pond and the step mountain bear witness to the ensuing Bronze Age urn field culture . The so-called “Rhader House”, also from the Bronze Age , whose age is estimated at 3500 years and was uncovered in the 1930s on a small sand hill near Hof Heßling, found its way into the specialist literature of prehistory and early history . A similar find from around 1500 BC. Was made on the site of Tüshaus am Schlehenweg.

It is believed that around 1000 BC The first Indo-Europeans arrived in this area, whereby - as in many other cases - one must not necessarily assume large migration movements, but rather cultural transformations. An emergency excavation in the spring of 1937 in the area where the streets Am Mühlenteich and Schlehenweg came together unearthed urn and bone stores as well as fire graves from the 6th to 1st centuries BC, which can be assigned to the Celtic (and thus Indo-European) culture. With the Celts , who lived up to the 1st century BC BC are present in this area (in continental Europe one of its northernmost areas of settlement), it is preferred to cremate the dead before burial. Also the Indo-European Teutons, who the Celts and their culture from the north around 100 BC. Chr. From this area, burn their dead for burial.

At the beginning of our era, the Germanic tribes on the right bank of the Rhine (various Franconian tribes) are repeatedly engaged in armed conflict and peaceful exchange with the Roman associations on the left bank of the Rhine , some of which venture into the area on the right bank of the Rhine (see Roman camp Holsterhausen , Roman camp Haltern ). In the Bakeler Mark, south of the Rhader town center, large quantities of shards of vessels were found, which can be assigned to a Germanic settlement that once existed here from the earlier Roman imperial period and which testify to intensive trade with the Romans up to the 4th century. The finds from the following migration period in the 5th and 6th centuries are extremely sparse in Rhade.

Middle Ages and Modern Times (approx. 600 to 1800)

Instead of the old-fashioned German tribe of Chamavi or other Frankish tribes who later in the United Federation of franc rise, move to the migration period in the area of the north coming Saxon German tribes . Mission attempts by British Anglo-Saxons in the 7th century were unsuccessful - the missionaries, who usually first turned to the local leaders of the Saxons, were sometimes brutally hunted down (see the Ewaldi brothers ). Only the violent Christianization of the loosely allied Saxon tribes by the Frankish king Charlemagne , which culminated in the baptism of the defeated Westphalian Saxon leader Widukind , brought the breakthrough for Christianity in this area. During the Saxon Wars, the Franks destroy the old sanctuaries of the Saxon Teutons, like sacred trees, and often build chapels on these places in order to assimilate the unruly Saxons over the long term . For the military security of the conquered area, the Franks built castles along important military roads in western Saxony, and chapels were also built for their occupation. The Laurentius Church in Lembeck, from which Rhade was parceled off, can be seen as such a foundation. Just like the original parish of Borken, one can speak of royal churches with these early foundations, since its missionary was the king of the Franconian Empire and not a mission leader authorized by him, such as Liudger who was active in the local area .

Clivia Ducatus et Ravenstein Dominium , 1645
Monasteriensis Episcopatus , 1645

As a result of the feudal system introduced by the Franks , which provided for the donation of the rights to land to the nobility, church, monasteries and monasteries, the formerly fully exempt peasants were subject to tax. “The lords of the manors in Rhade were primarily the Lords of Lembeck, as well as the Vreden monastery, the Velen family and the Duke v. Kleve up. ". Some Rhader Höfe came under the influence of a Kleve guardian early on, which resulted in a confusing situation and, in a larger context, border disputes between the Duke of Kleve and the Bishop of Münster that flared up into later centuries . A Fliehburg ("Schwarte Borg") near a former settlement in the Barkeler Mark, which was already in use during the Roman Empire in the first centuries AD, was apparently used between the 11th and 16th centuries to protect and defend against these border disputes revived. In 1572 there was finally a comparison between the Bishop of Münster and the Duke of Kleve and clear boundaries were established. Two maps from 1645, in which Rhade is part of the Duchy of Kleve and the other of the Diocese of Münster, prove that these borders were not so clear, so that even up to the end of the Thirty Years War there were uncertainties about the borderline. The conversion of the Rhader community to faith in the Reformation dates back to this somewhat confusing time. The forcible restoration of the Catholic faith in the course of the Counter-Reformation was preserved up to the 20th century in the saying “Door wötte kathschk vann” (“Since he becomes Catholic by”) for too great severity and rudeness.

Contrary to a stringent historiography by the church chronicles and an allegedly completely successful Christianization, the culture of the ancient Germanic peoples survived in Rhade longer than one might assume. For example, a remarkable discovery was to be made in the brickwork of the 17th century Kloth's Kötterhaus, which existed until the 1960s: “To the left of the front door, the 'Hammer Donars' is walled in several times and on the left side of the house is the 'Donarbesen' (thunder broom). The meaning of these signs is not unknown. Where there was one, the house was under the protection of the Germanic god Donar. It can be seen from this that [this] tradition, which dates back to the Germanic-pagan times, was preserved in our area up to the Thirty Years' War and thereafter. " Another reminiscence of the Germanic culture and their legal system is the "Holting" held at the Schulte farm in Rhade until modern times, which dealt with the distribution of common goods, such as the wood to be felled in the Mark . The word is made up of the words wood and thing and therefore has its roots in court and people's assemblies under Germanic law.

Industrialization and modernity (from approx. 1800)

With the expansion of the French Empire to Rhader territory and the ensuing Prussian rule, the medieval estates were also history in Rhade. The population was relatively constant for centuries, but with the opening of the Gelsenkirchen-Bismarck-Winterswijk railway in 1880, an economic upswing set in, which is also reflected in the increase in the population. The road to western Alder was completed in 1902, the one to Lembeck in 1906. In 1921 it was connected to the power grid. The "leap into modernity " made possible by technical achievements pushed the small village out of its rather marginal position and into a German nation- state that was only founded in 1871 with the accelerated industrialization in the neighboring Ruhr area. In addition to improving the standard of living and mobility, this also had negative effects on the social and cultural life of many rioters, as local bonding forces and particularisms (such as the "Rhader Platt") were destroyed in favor of an emerging national consciousness. At the latest after the Second World War, Rhades was integrated into the dynamics of modernity.

Rhade was largely spared from the devastation of World War II. Historical building fabric fell victim to demolition and modernization in the post-war period. In the 1960s, for example, the Kloth'sche Kötterhaus on the church square, a stately half-timbered building , other half-timbered houses in the village center and in the 1970s the weir of the mill, including the mill wheel, was demolished. Finally, in the 1980s, the rectory fell victim to the wrecking ball. Today, however, the local history association Rhade tries to keep the memory of the old Rhade alive through information boards and has built a club house next to the mill.

On January 1, 1975, as part of the municipal reorganization of North Rhine-Westphalia, the communities of the former Herrlichkeit Lembeck were dissolved and, with the exception of Alder, incorporated into the former Electoral Cologne town of Dorsten in Vest Recklinghausen .

present

Nowadays, the district has a rather hybrid structure, which is reflected in the question of how Rhades is assigned to the Münsterland or Ruhr area. In terms of cultural history, the small village of Rhade is part of the Westmünsterland , as there were many socio-cultural ties with this area. However, there were also early connections to the Lower Rhine area. Rhade has therefore been a "border area" for a very long time. Due to the good connection to the Ruhr area from 1880, as well as the northward expansion of mining in the middle of the 20th century, the population grew rapidly. By shifting the focus of the settlement towards the train station and then step mountain (a settlement which, like Barkenberg, was originally planned for miners and their families), it was difficult for Rhade to maintain its original character. Today one can therefore also recognize suburban structures in the settlement formation, as they are typical for many places on the edge of the Ruhr area, whereby the boundaries between village structure and dormitory city are quite fluid.

In response to the increasing intensification of agriculture, it was possible in the 1980s and 1990s, thanks to the commitment of some nature conservationists, to designate larger nature reserves, which are also of national importance and are integrated into the Natura 2000 network. So breed z. B. the curlew, which reacts very sensitively to disturbances, as well as a pair of storks in the Rhader meadows for several years.

Attractions

In the old village center, the buildings are arranged in a ring around the village church of St. Urbanus .

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Rhade

The coat of arms awarded in the 1930s reflects the history of its origins: In a two-part field (blue above, gold below), a tree stump indicates the clearing. The golden color indicates the yellow sand bottom, while the blue color represents the sky above.

traffic

The Rhade station is on the Winterswijk – Gelsenkirchen-Bismarck railway line and is served hourly by the RE 14 “Der Borkener” line.

Web links

Commons : Dorsten-Rhade  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Update of the population as of March 31, 2015. (PDF) (No longer available online.) City of Dorsten, archived from the original on September 23, 2015 ; Retrieved May 17, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dorsten.de
  2. 122 fewer inhabitants in the first quarter , WAZ online, April 21, 2010
  3. ^ Heimatverein Rhade eV (ed.): Rhade. Contributions to history . Volume 2. Rhade, 1989, p. 5.
  4. ^ Gene Wiki
  5. ^ HIS data
  6. ^ Heimatverein Rhade eV (ed.): Rhade. Contributions to history . Volume 2. Rhade, 1989, pp. 5-20.
  7. ^ Heimatverein Rhade eV (ed.): Rhade. Contributions to history . Volume 2. Rhade, 1989, pp. 21-35.
  8. ^ Heimatverein Rhade eV (ed.): Rhade. Contributions to history . Volume 2. Rhade, 1989, p. 39.
  9. ^ Heimatverein Rhade eV (ed.): Rhade. Contributions to history . Volume 2. Rhade, 1989, pp. 39-46.
  10. ↑ Low German in Rhade
  11. ^ Heimatverein Rhade eV (ed.): Rhade. Contributions to history . Volume 2. Rhade, 1989, p. 217.
  12. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 316 .
  13. Nature reserves in the Recklinghausen district
  14. ^ Heimatverein Rhade eV (ed.): Rhade. Contributions to history . Volume 1. Rhade, 1989, blurb.