Richard Karl Ullmann

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Richard Karl Ullmann (born March 19, 1904 in Frankfurt (Main) ; † August 8, 1963 in Birmingham , Great Britain ) was a German religious educator and author.

Live and act

Ullmann came from a respected middle-class Frankfurt family with Jewish members. His father was a doctor of philosophy and his mother the daughter of a well-known dermatologist . The father's extensive library opened up the world of philosophy and theology to him.

As a child he had to experience painful illnesses , which resulted in his lifelong weak constitution . He was confirmed in the community of Rudolf Steiner in 1919 . The aesthetic atmosphere of the Goethe Gymnasium not only encouraged him to learn, but also to try his hand at writing poems and absorbing classical and contemporary literature in free speech . From now on, writing in his diary accompanied him throughout his life.

He started studying German in Frankfurt . Here he also met his future wife Helene Gotthard, whom he married in 1927. Both of them continued their studies in Freiburg im Breisgau . He submitted his dissertation in 1927 after it had already appeared in print in 1926: " History of the term 'Romantic' in Germany ". Then the couple went to Berlin , where Ullmann wanted to obtain his habilitation on a Herder topic . However, his doctoral supervisor first placed him as a lecturer at the university in the Chinese canton . When he returned to Germany, he had to make ends meet as a private lecturer .

In public education homes he held - usually with little mite - lectures to unemployed . He had joined the Association of Christian Non-Aryans , which was soon dissolved, which was a signal for him to be on guard. From 1934 to 1937 he was on a German Academy in Serres ( Greece ), a tutor activities receive, after which he returned to Germany.

After the November pogrom in 1938 he was one of the “ action Jews ” who were interned in the Buchenwald concentration camp . Here too he immediately got down to the intellectual work by offering educational interviews for fellow prisoners. With the help of Rudolf Schlosser , an acquaintance of the Quakers , he was brought out of the concentration camp. His country of exile, England , immediately turned against him, the German Jew, when he was interned as an "enemy alien" after the start of the war in 1939 . Now a Quaker woman again made sure that he could find shelter in an educational institution of this religious community in Birmingham. Here he was confronted for the first time with the form of silent devotion, which meant a challenge for the intellectual and rhetorician , but which he has not been able to avoid since then. After a short time there was another threat of internment; he escaped this by boarding a ship in 1940 that brought him to Australia with thousands of other Jewish emigrants . Arrested there again, he worked as a German and history teacher in a camp school. Quaker prayers were also part of his offer. Eventually he was able to return to England under dramatic circumstances, survived a fall in a German bombing raid and returned to Germany in 1946.

In Cologne he joined a Quaker group and joined the community. But life in Germany had long since become foreign to him, and so he and his wife returned to England in 1949. After unsuccessful efforts to publish his own texts, he was able to find a position as a lecturer in the Wilton Park training camp, which had been set up as an education center for young German prisoners of war . After this camp was closed, he was again looking for a livelihood and found a job at a Secondary Modern School in Dagenham , a shabby working-class district of London . But the working-class children made the life of a teacher so hell for the German and Schöngeist that he went to the National Adult School Union in Birmingham , where he lectured on topics such as "Christian conscience in world politics" or " human rights and human wellbeing". He also worked as a tutor in Woodbrooke for years.

In England he was a member of the Quaker Northfield Meeting . On her behalf, he visited Quaker groups in Germany in 1951. Since 1954 he has been financed as a so-called " Fellow " by the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust and has now devoted himself to lecturing and reconciliation work in the USA (1955). He also traveled to the USSR in 1961. He regularly attended the so-called “ Puidoux Conferences ” of the historical peace churches and the International Union of Reconciliation as a participant . In 1961 he gave the British Quakers' central annual lecture, called the Swarthmore Lecture . He also took part in the work of the Christian Peace Conference in Prague and the Nyborg Conference . At the Second Vatican Council he was also an observer for the Quakers ( Friends World Committee for Consultation ). He was able to follow all conversations in Latin entirely without an interpreter .

Richard Ullmann died after a lecture he had given on August 8, 1963. Part of his work was continued by Paul Oestreicher .

Works

  • History of the term ' romantic ' in Germany. From the first appearance of the word to the 3rd decade of the 19th century. Berlin 1926
  • Ullmann, Richard and Gotthard, Helene: History of the term "romantic" in Germany. From the first appearance of the word to the 3rd decade of the 19th century. Berlin 1927 (Germanic Studies, L). ND Nendlen 1967
  • Introduction to German sentence theory . Te-wen-chü-fa. Shanghai 1930
  • Ullmann, Richard and Pregel, Reinhold: The Memel question today. Berlin 1936
  • The property of a gentleman. New York 1938. London 19412
  • Escape from Freedom. London 1939
  • The Kahns' Progress. London 1940
  • Underwood, Vernon, Scott, Douglas and Ullmann, Richard: A Relief Worker's Vocabulary: French, English, German. London (1945)
  • The Soldier and the Angel. London 1946
  • Coppélia. London 1947
  • Doom or Development? In: Hibbert Journal. A Quarterly Review of Religion, Theology, and Philosophy, XLVI, 4, 1948, 329-336
  • A fresh start. London 1948. London 19502
  • The Struggle for Representative Institutions in Germany. In: Parliament Affairs. A Journal of Comparative Politics, II, 1948/49, 361-377; III, 1949/50, 321-338
  • Goethe 's Power of Vision . In: Aryan Path, XX, 8, 1949, 345-349
  • Dealing with the English. (Nuremberg 1949) (dealing with peoples, XVII)
  • From the sonnet wreath 'The Refugees' (poem). In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXIV, 2, 1950, 30
  • The inner light. (Poem). In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXIV, 4, 1950, 70-73
  • Working group V. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXV, 9, 1951, 138-139 * Ullmann, Richard; Thorpe, HW; Murray, John: The Society of Friends, the Church and the State. Four Lectures Given at a Conference at Kewsick Hall, Norwich, August 1952. OO 1952. London (19532)
  • Karl Marx and Jesus Christ . In: The Friend. The Quaker Weekly Journal, CXI, April 17th1953, 351-352
  • A taste of poison. London 1954
  • Ullmann, Richard; King-Hall, Stephen Sir: German Parliaments. A Study of the Development of Representative Institutions in Germany. London 1954. ND Westport 1979
  • Friends and Truth. An essay. With a foreword by Herbert G. Wood. London 1955
  • Through community to action. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXII, 6, 1958, 83-85; XXXII, 7, 1958, 98-103
  • The Quaker Peace Testimony Restated. London (1958)
  • Frankfurt theological conference for understanding between East and West. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXIII, 4, 1959, 62-63
  • Between God and History. The Human Situation Exemplified in Quaker Thought and Practice. London 1959
  • Inter-church Relations and East-West Reconciliation. London 1959 (Information Papers on East-West Relations, II)
  • Christian faith and work. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXIV, 2, 1960, 31-33
  • Tolerance and the Intolerable. London 1961 (Swarthmore Lecture, 1961)
  • From the cold war to real peace. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXV, 8, 1961, 114-119
  • An answer. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXVI, 2, 1962, 22-23
  • From the sonnet wreath 'The Refugees'. In: Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in Germany (Hrsg.): Encounter with Judaism. A memorial book. Bad Pyrmont 1962, 18 (voice of friends, II)
  • Gethsemane (poem). In: Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in Germany (Hrsg.): Encounter with Judaism . A memorial book. Bad Pyrmont 1962, 23 (voice of friends, II) * The Dilemmas of a Reconciler. Serving the East-West Conflict. Pendle Hill 1963. London 19642 (Prism Pamphlet, XVII). London 19843
  • Pope John XXIII. In: The Friend. A Quaker Weekly Journal, CXXI, 23, June 7, 1963, 661
  • Pope John XXIII In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXVII, 7, 1963, 97-98
  • The Friends and the Vatican Council. An excerpt from Richard K. Ullmann's report in Friends Worlds News from April 1963. In: Der Quäker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXVII, 8, 1963, 121-122
  • Gethsemane (poem). In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXVII, 10, 1963, 161
  • The unity of faith and works in Quakerism. In: Hager, Magdalene; Hertzsch, Erich; Kleinschmidt, Karl; Leipoldt, Johannes; Okay, Carl; Trebs, Herbert; Wiesner, Kurt; Wirth, Günter; Bredendiek, Walter (ed.): Call and answer. Announcement for Emil Fuchs on his 90th birthday. Leipzig 1964, 258-263
  • From cold war to peace. In: Gressel, Hans; Kloppenburg, Heinz (Ed.): Reconciliation and Peace. 50 years of the International Union of Reconciliation (August 3, 1964). Dortmund 1964, 134-135
  • The Dilemmas of a Reconciler: Serving the East-West Conflict. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXVIII, 1, 1964, 4-6
  • Peace , Freedom , Justice . Hamburg 1964 (Evangelical Zeitstimmen, XIX); The Christian's duties for peace. From a recently published article in the Journal of the Prague Peace Conference, which our friend Richard K. Ullmann wrote shortly before his death. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXVIII, 6, 1964, 162-163
  • For the debate on the memorandum of Ev. Church. Extract from the lecture v. Richard Ullmann: Justice and Love. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XL, 1, 1966, 4-6
  • Justice and Love. In: Durnbaugh, Donald (Ed.): On Earth Peace. Discussions on War. Peace Issues Between Friends, Mennonites, Brethren and European Churches, 1935–75. Elgin 1978, 173-184
  • Redefining Security. In: International Security, VIII, 1, 1983, 129-153
  • Reconciliation in the dilemma between love and truth. Berlin 1986.

literature

  • Ilse Schwersensky: Working group, headed by Richard Ullmann. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXI, 9, 1957, 140-142
  • Margaret McNeill's contribution to the appreciation of Richard Ullmann's life and work (Friend, 23 August 1963). In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXVII, 10, 1963, 161-164
  • Katharina Petersen: R. Ullmann among the German friends. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXVII, 10, 1963, 164-165
  • Richard K. Ullmann. In: The Friend. A Quaker Weekly Journal, CXXI, 33, 1963, 956
  • Margaret C. NcNeill: Richard K. Ullmann. In: The Friend. A Quaker Weekly Journal, CXXI, 34, 1963, 982-983
  • Robert Davis: Tributes to Richard K. Ullmann. In: The Friend. A Quaker Weekly Journal, CXXI, 35, 1963, 1012
  • George W. Whiteman: Tributes to Richard K. Ullmann. In: The Friend. A Quaker Weekly Journal, CXXI, 35, 1963, 1012
  • Valda Sauter: Richard K. Ullmann - as a thank you. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXVIII, 1, 1964, 6
  • Horst Brückner: A word about Richard Ullmann's Prague lecture 'From the Cold War to Real Peace'. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXV, 11, 1964, 169-173
  • Advent of the stranger. Richard Ullmann in memory. In: The Quaker. Monthly magazine of the German friends, XXXIX, 12, 1965, 289-290
  • Helene Ullmann: The courage to take action. Richard Ullmann his life and his work. Bad Pyrmont 1965 (Richard L. Cary Lecture 1965)
  • Ullmann, Richard. In: Sternfeld, Wilhelm; Tiedemann, Eva: German exile literature 1933-1945. A bio bibliography. 2., verb. and strong exp. Edition. Heidelberg 1970, 511
  • Vail T. Palmer: Quaker Theological Discussion Group; Religion and Ethics in the Thought of Richard Ullmann. In: Quaker Religious Thought, XXVIII, 87, 1996, 11-31.
  • Claus BernetUllmann, Richard Karl. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 28, Bautz, Nordhausen 2007, ISBN 978-3-88309-413-7 , Sp. 1519-1525.
  • Claus Bernet: Political Peace Education in the 20th Century: The Reconciliation Work of the Jewish Frankfurt Richard Ullmann (1904-1963), in: Nassauische Annalen 124, 2013, pp. 521-541.

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