Giant dead nettle

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Giant dead nettle
Lamium orvala Loibltal.jpg

Giant dead nettle ( Lamium orvala )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Lamioideae
Genre : Dead nettles ( Lamium )
Type : Giant dead nettle
Scientific name
Lamium orvala
L.

The giant deadnettle ( Lamium orvala ), even large dead nettle or nettle King , is a plant from the genus of deadnettle ( Lamium ) within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae).

description

Illustration from The Botanical Magazine, Volume 5, 1792, plate 172
Mock whorls with zygomorphic flowers
Habit, leaves and pseudo whorls with zygomorphic flowers

Vegetative characteristics

The giant dead nettle is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 40 to 100 centimeters. It has a short, branched rhizome and does not form runners . All above-ground parts of the plant are bare or only sparsely hairy.

The opposite arranged stem leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is up to 10 centimeters long. The simple leaf blade is heart-shaped with a length of 5 to 15 centimeters and a width of 3 to 9, rarely up to 12 centimeters. The leaf margin is irregularly serrated.

Generative characteristics

6 to 14 flowers each are arranged in two to four distant pseudo whorls.

The flowering period extends from April to June. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The chalice is 12 to 20 millimeters long. The crown is 25 to 35, rarely up to 40 millimeters long and from a dirty to carmine red, rarely white color. The corolla tube is bulbous at the front. The inside of the corolla tube has an oblique hair ring. The 15 to 20 millimeter long upper lip is irregularly serrated at the front and shaggy white on the outside. The side lobes are short and triangular. The lower lip is 15 to 20 millimeters long and serrated irregularly. The anthers are bare. The stylus is longer than the stamens.

The partial fruits are about 2.5 millimeters long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The pollination is done by bees and other Apoidea . The nectar is protected from other animals by the fringe of hair, the so-called sap layer. Since the stylus is longer than the stamens, cross-pollination is promoted.

Occurrence

The giant dead nettle is a south-east alpine-illyrian floral element . It occurs from Italy , Austria and the former Yugoslavia to southwestern Hungary . In Austria it reaches its northern boundary and occurs in the south of Styria and Carinthia , in East Tyrol and in South Tyrol . It is extinct in Salzburg, where it occurred at the Lueg Pass .

It grows in ravine forests, Hochstaudenfluren and stream edges of hill and montane altitudinal zone . It occurs in plant communities of the associations Alliarion, Fagion and Tilio-Acerion.

Taxonomy

It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Orvala garganica by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, page 578. The new combination Lamium orvala L. was published in 1759 in Systema Naturae ... 10th edition, volume 2, page 1099. Synonyms for Lamium orvala L. are: Orvala lamioides DC. , Lamium lovcenicum Rohlena , Lamium pannonicum Scop. , Lamium wettsteinii Rech. , Lamium orvala var. Wettsteinii (Rech.) Hayek .

use

The giant dead nettle is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental plant.

supporting documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  803 .
  2. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts, 2003: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Lamium orvala. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  3. ↑ Lamium orvala at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 27, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Giant Deadnettle ( Lamium orvala )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files