Rinderpest Virus

Rinderpest Virus

Helical, elongated capsids of the rinderpest virus inside a cell

Classification :	Viruses
Area :	Riboviria
Empire :	Orthornavirae
Phylum :	Negarnaviricota
Subphylum :	Haploviricotina
Class :	Monjiviricetes
Order :	Mononegavirals
Family :	Paramyxoviridae
Genre :	Morbillivirus
Type :	Rinderpest Virus

Taxonomic characteristics

Genome :	(-) ssRNA linear
Baltimore :	Group 5
Symmetry :	Helical
Cover :	available

Scientific name

Rinderpest morbillivirus

Short name

RPV

Left

NCBI Taxonomy:	11241
NCBI Reference:	GU168576
ICTV Taxon History:	201851618
ICTVdB Virus Code :	01.048.1.02.008

The rinderpest virus (RPV) is a RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae (genus Morbillivirus ). The virus causes rinderpest and can affect all ruminants and other ungulates such as hippos . It was declared eradicated in 2010 after a coordinated worldwide vaccination and culling campaign and is therefore only the second pathogen after the smallpox virus ( Orthopoxvirus variola alias Variola virus ) that has been successfully eradicated.

Discovery and Characterization

In 1902, the French researcher Maurice Nicolle and his Ottoman-Turkish colleague Mustafa Adil showed that the causative agent of rinderpest was a filterable agent, ie not a bacterium. Simmons determined the size of the virus particles ( virions ) in 1940 to be 860 to 1260 Å . The first complete sequence of a virus genome was published in 1996.

features

The virus particles of the RPV are round to irregularly oval with a diameter of 150 to 250 nm and have a lipid envelope . The genome is 15,991 bases in length and consists of a single RNA - molecule . This RNA contains the six genes N, P, L, H, F and M, which code for structural proteins . One of the genes, the P gene, also codes for two non-structural proteins.

The rinderpest virus is closely related to the measles virus , the causative agent of the plague of small ruminants ( Peste des petits ruminants virus , PPRV) and the distemper virus (same genus). According to current scientific opinion, the measles virus developed from the rinderpest virus . The point in time of this transition cannot be determined with certainty. While earlier works assumed that this happened thousands of years ago, more recent works date this event to the 11th to 12th centuries AD. All other morbilliviruses may also be derived from the rinderpest virus .

Different virus strains can differ greatly in terms of virulence and species-specific susceptibility.

literature

Walter Plowright : Rinderpest Virus . In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . tape 101 , no. 2 , 1962, ISSN 1749-6632 , pp. 548-563 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1749-6632.1962.tb18896.x (English, onlinelibrary.wiley.com [PDF]).

Individual evidence

↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
↑ ^a ^b ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
^ W. Plowright, RM Laws, CS Rampton: Serological evidence for the susceptibility of the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus) to natural infection with rinderpest virus . In: The Journal of Hygiene . tape 62 , no. 3 , September 1964, ISSN 0022-1724 , pp. 329–336 , PMID 14210780 , PMC 2134711 (free full text) - (English).
↑ Natasha Gilbert: Cattle disease faces total wipeout . In: Nature . tape 462 , no. 7274 , December 2009, p. 709 , doi : 10.1038 / 462709a , PMID 20010659 (English).
^ Maurice Nicolle, Adil Mustafa: Études sur la Peste Bovine, Troisième Mémoire. Virus filtration experience. In: Annales de l'Institut Pasteur . tape 16 , 1902, pp. 56-64 (French).
↑ The colloboration of Maurice Nicolle et Adil Mustafa: The discovery of rinderpest agent . In: Revue Méd. Vét. tape 159 , no. 4 , 2008, p. 243–246 (English, revmedvet.com [PDF] description of the history of the discovery).
^ Simmons R: Annual Report of the Veterinary Department for the Year ended 31st December 1940 . Ed .: Veterinary Dept. of Uganda. Govt. Printer, Entebbe 1941, p. 4 .
↑ Baron MD, Barrett T: The sequence of the N and L genes of rinderpest virus, and the 5 'and 3' extra-genic sequences: the completion of the genome sequence of the virus . In: Vet Microbiol . tape 44 , no. 2-4 , May 1995, pp. 175-185 , doi : 10.1016 / 0378-1135 (95) 00010-8 (English).
↑ Baron MD, Banyard AC, Parida S., Barrett T.: The Plowright vaccine strain of Rinderpest virus has attenuating mutations in most genes . In: Journal of General Virology . tape 86 , no. 4 , April 2005, ISSN 0022-1317 , p. 1093-1101 , doi : 10.1099 / vir.0.80751-0 , PMID 15784903 (English).
↑ Yuki Furuse, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani: Origin of measles virus: divergence from rinderpest virus between the 11th and 12th centuries . In: Virology Journal . tape 7 , March 4, 2010, ISSN 1743-422X , p. 52 , doi : 10.1186 / 1743-422X-7-52 , PMID 20202190 , PMC 2838858 (free full text) - (English).
↑ E. Norrby, H. Sheshberadaran, KC McCullough, WC Carpenter, C. Orvell: Is rinderpest virus the ark virus of the genus Morbillivirus? In: Intervirology . tape 23 , no. 4 , 1985, ISSN 0300-5526 , pp. 228-232 , doi : 10.1159 / 000149609 , PMID 2409055 (English).

[1] ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019

[ICTV_MSL#35_Akabane-2] ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)

[Plowright-3] W. Plowright, RM Laws, CS Rampton: Serological evidence for the susceptibility of the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus) to natural infection with rinderpest virus . In: The Journal of Hygiene . tape 62 , no. 3 , September 1964, ISSN 0022-1724 , pp. 329–336 , PMID 14210780 , PMC 2134711 (free full text) - (English).

[nature-4] Natasha Gilbert: Cattle disease faces total wipeout . In: Nature . tape 462 , no. 7274 , December 2009, p. 709 , doi : 10.1038 / 462709a , PMID 20010659 (English).

[5] Maurice Nicolle, Adil Mustafa: Études sur la Peste Bovine, Troisième Mémoire. Virus filtration experience. In: Annales de l'Institut Pasteur . tape 16 , 1902, pp. 56-64 (French).

[6] The colloboration of Maurice Nicolle et Adil Mustafa: The discovery of rinderpest agent . In: Revue Méd. Vét. tape 159 , no. 4 , 2008, p. 243–246 (English, revmedvet.com [PDF] description of the history of the discovery).

[7] Simmons R: Annual Report of the Veterinary Department for the Year ended 31st December 1940 . Ed .: Veterinary Dept. of Uganda. Govt. Printer, Entebbe 1941, p. 4 .

[8] Baron MD, Barrett T: The sequence of the N and L genes of rinderpest virus, and the 5 'and 3' extra-genic sequences: the completion of the genome sequence of the virus . In: Vet Microbiol . tape 44 , no. 2-4 , May 1995, pp. 175-185 , doi : 10.1016 / 0378-1135 (95) 00010-8 (English).

[Baron-9] Baron MD, Banyard AC, Parida S., Barrett T.: The Plowright vaccine strain of Rinderpest virus has attenuating mutations in most genes . In: Journal of General Virology . tape 86 , no. 4 , April 2005, ISSN 0022-1317 , p. 1093-1101 , doi : 10.1099 / vir.0.80751-0 , PMID 15784903 (English).

[Furuse-10] Yuki Furuse, Akira Suzuki, Hitoshi Oshitani: Origin of measles virus: divergence from rinderpest virus between the 11th and 12th centuries . In: Virology Journal . tape 7 , March 4, 2010, ISSN 1743-422X , p. 52 , doi : 10.1186 / 1743-422X-7-52 , PMID 20202190 , PMC 2838858 (free full text) - (English).

[Norrby-11] E. Norrby, H. Sheshberadaran, KC McCullough, WC Carpenter, C. Orvell: Is rinderpest virus the ark virus of the genus Morbillivirus? In: Intervirology . tape 23 , no. 4 , 1985, ISSN 0300-5526 , pp. 228-232 , doi : 10.1159 / 000149609 , PMID 2409055 (English).