Rib fern

Rib fern
	Rib fern ( Struthiopteris spicant , Syn .: Blechnum spicant )
Systematics
	Ferns
Class :	True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order :	Spotted ferns (Polypodiales)
Family :	Rib fern family (Blechnaceae)
Genre :	Rib ferns ( Blechnum )
Type :	Rib fern
Scientific name
	Blechnum spicant
	( L. ) Roth

The rib fern ( Struthiopteris spicant , syn .: Blechnum spicant ), also called common rib fern or Europe rib fern , was a species of the rib fern genus ( Blechnum ) in the family of the rib fern family (Blechnaceae); but is now better placed in the genus Struthiopteris . This species is the only representative of the genus in Central Europe . According to more recent findings, however, the large genus Blechnum is better to split up and then this species can be assigned to the genus Struthiopteris as Struthiopteris spicant .

features

The rib fern is characterized by two different frond shapes. The spore-free fronds are 15 to 50 cm long and are simply pinnate. They have smooth-edged leaflets and often survive the winter as a rosette lying on the ground.

Fronds without spurs

Spore-bearing frond

Botanical drawing of the rib fern by C. Lindman

The spore-bearing fronds usually arise in the center of the rosette and have very narrow, rib-like leaflets. The spore carriers turn dark brown when the spores ripen and die in winter. The sori are elongated and merge into two rows. The dead leaves from the previous year are often still visible under the living fern leaves.

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 68.

ecology

The rib fern is a (semi) rosette plant with a crooked rhizome . It forms a VA mycorrhiza .

The propagation takes place through water fertilization and wind spreading of the spores as granular flyers. The spores develop between July and September.

Occurrence

The rib fern prefers fresh, strongly acidic forests, mostly coniferous forests . It is less common in deciduous forests . In Central Europe, it is mainly found in the humid altitudes of the low mountain ranges. In Central Europe it is a Piceion association differential species, but also occurs in damp Quercion roboris societies and in the Sphagno Alnetum.

Frequent to scattered in Austria, with the exception of Vienna, from the submontane to the subalpine altitude range . In the Allgäu Alps, it climbs up to 1950 m above sea level on the Fellhorn- Schlappolt-Zug in Bavaria.

The distribution area of the rib fern includes Europe, Macaronesia, North Africa, West Asia and the Caucasus and western North America. A special subspecies is common in Japan.

More common names

In the Swiss vernacular, the fern is also called "Geißlleiterli". The term power fern is also used for Frankfurt (Oder) .

Systematics

Rib fern ( Struthiopteris spicant )

Struthiopteris spicant var. Fallax

The fern was 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum under the Basionym Osmunda spicant L. first published . James Edward Smith placed it in the genus Blechnum in 1793 , but did not publish a valid combination. A year later, in 1794, published Albrecht Wilhelm Roth with Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth the long time recognized name.

Since, according to molecular findings, the genus Blechnum can be better divided, the rib fern no longer belongs to the genus Blechnum , but to the genus Struthiopteris . Linnaeus had first published the genus Blechnum in 1753; however, it did not yet include the rib fern Blechnum spicant , but among other things the species Blechnum occidentale . Thus Blechnum occidentale appointed as the type species of the genus. The rib fern, however, which belongs to a different grouping, could no longer bear the name Blechnum . This grouping was established by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1754 with the generic name Struthiopteris . Friedrich Wilhelm Weis (1744–1826) then placed the rib fern in this new genus in 1770; therefore today it must be called Struthiopteris spicant (L.) Weis .

The rib fern is divided into several subspecies and varieties:

Struthiopteris spicant subsp. spicant is the western Palearctic nominotypical subspecies, from which two different local races can be separated as varieties:

Struthiopteris spicant subsp. spicant var. spicant is the widespread clan with upright, variously shaped fronds up to 75 cm long.
Struthiopteris spicant var. Fallax (Lange) Wasowicz & Gabriel y Galán (Syn .: Blechnum spicant subsp. Spicant var. Fallax Lange (Icelandic: Tunguskollakambur)) has prostrate, only 2 to 5 (rarely to 8) cm long, very shortly stalked , similar fronds. It is endemic to the local hot spring in Iceland, the Deildartunguhver .
Struthiopteris spicant var. Homophyllum (Merino ex H.Christ) Gabriel y Galán & R.Pino (Syn .: Blechnum spicant subsp. Spicant var. Homophyllum Merino ex H.Christ ): The fronds are also the same design, but are erect and 8 to 20 (to 30) cm longer than the other varieties. This clan occurs in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula.

Struthiopteris niponica (Kunze) Nakai (Syn .: Blechnum spicant subsp. Niponicum (Kunze) Á.Löve & D.Löve ): The spore-free fronds reach a length of 1 meter, the spore-bearing up to 1.25 meters. The leaflets are more numerous than those of the subspecies Struthiopteris spicant subsp. spicant and are slightly wider with 4 to 7 millimeters for the spore-free fronds and 1 to 3 millimeters for the spore-bearing fronds. This subspecies represents the species in East Asia.

use

The rib fern is used as an ornamental plant for the bog beds and pond edges.

swell

literature

Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
Bernhard Marbach, Christian Kainz: FSVO nature guide mosses, ferns and lichens. blv, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16323-4 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c André Luís de Gasper et al .: A classification for Blechnaceae (Polypodiales; Polypodiopsida); New genera, resurrected names and combinations. In: Phytotaxa, vol. 275 (3), p. 191-227, 2016
↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 75. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
↑ ^a ^b ^c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 149 .
↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 89.
^ ^A ^b Struthiopteris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 60, online.
↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 1066, digitized .
↑ James Edward Smith: Tentamen Botanicum De Filicum Generibus Dorsiferarum. In: Mémoires de l'Académie royale des sciences (Turin). Volume 10, 1793, pp. 401-423, p. 411 in the Google book search
^ William R. Maxon: The Name of the Deer-Fern. In: American Fern Journal. Volume 34, No. 2, 1944, pp. 50-51, digitized .
^ Albrecht Wilhelm Roth: Observationes botanicae. In: Annals of Botanick, edited by Dr. Paulus Usteri. Volume 10, 1794, pp. 34-57, p. 56 as a PDF file .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Áskell Löve , Doris Löve : Cytotaxonomy of Blechnum spicant. In: Collectanea Botanica. Volume 7, No. 2, 1968, pp. 665-676, PDF file; 2.5 MB .
↑ J. Ormonde: Blechnum. In: Santiago Castroviejo, Manuel Laínz, G. López González, P. Montserrat, Félix Muñoz Garmendia, Jorge Paiva, L. Villar (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, Vol. I. Lycopodiaceae-Papaveraceae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 1986, ISBN 84-00-06222-1 , p. 150, 152-153 ( PDF file ).

Web links

Commons : Rib fern ( Struthiopteris spicant ) - Collection of images

Rib fern. In: FloraWeb.de.
Rib fern . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
Distribution in the Netherlands [1] (Dutch)
Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swed.)
Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )

[Gasper2016-1] André Luís de Gasper et al .: A classification for Blechnaceae (Polypodiales; Polypodiopsida); New genera, resurrected names and combinations. In: Phytotaxa, vol. 275 (3), p. 191-227, 2016

[Oberdorfer2001-2] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 75. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5

[Düll_2011-3] Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 149 .

[Dörr_und_Lippert-4] Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 89.

[GRIN-5] A ^b Struthiopteris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 8, 2019.

[6] Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 60, online.

[SpPl-7] Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 1066, digitized .

[Smith-8] James Edward Smith: Tentamen Botanicum De Filicum Generibus Dorsiferarum. In: Mémoires de l'Académie royale des sciences (Turin). Volume 10, 1793, pp. 401-423, p. 411 in the Google book search

[Maxon-9] William R. Maxon: The Name of the Deer-Fern. In: American Fern Journal. Volume 34, No. 2, 1944, pp. 50-51, digitized .

[Roth-10] Albrecht Wilhelm Roth: Observationes botanicae. In: Annals of Botanick, edited by Dr. Paulus Usteri. Volume 10, 1794, pp. 34-57, p. 56 as a PDF file .

[Löve-11] Áskell Löve , Doris Löve : Cytotaxonomy of Blechnum spicant. In: Collectanea Botanica. Volume 7, No. 2, 1968, pp. 665-676, PDF file; 2.5 MB .

[FlIb-12] J. Ormonde: Blechnum. In: Santiago Castroviejo, Manuel Laínz, G. López González, P. Montserrat, Félix Muñoz Garmendia, Jorge Paiva, L. Villar (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, Vol. I. Lycopodiaceae-Papaveraceae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 1986, ISBN 84-00-06222-1 , p. 150, 152-153 ( PDF file ).