Robert I (Parma)

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Robert I of Parma, around 1900

Duke Robert I Karl Ludwig Maria of Parma from the House of Bourbon-Parma (born July 9, 1848 in Florence , † November 16, 1907 in the Villa delle Pianore near Lucca , Italy ) was the last ruling Duke of Parma , Piacenza and Guastalla .

Life

Robert was the eldest son of Duke Charles III. von Parma (1823–1854) and his wife Princess Louise Marie Therese of France (1819–1864) from the House of Bourbon, only daughter of the Duke of Berry, Charles Ferdinand de Bourbon and his wife, Princess Maria Karolina of Naples-Sicily .

On March 26, 1854, his father, Duke Karl III., Was so dangerously wounded by dagger stabs in an assassination attempt that he died the next day, whereupon his older son, Duke Robert I, was proclaimed. The Duke's mother, the sister of the Count of Chambord , took over the reign of the Duke, who was still a minor . Her clever government gave her a high personal reputation, but was able to overthrow the dynasty after the military defeat of the protecting power Austria in the Sardinian War of 1859 against Napoleon III. and do not prevent the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont . In June 1859 the duchess-regent fled with her children from the Piedmontese troops to Switzerland and later to Austria. In March 1860, the revolutionaries joined the double duchy of Parma and Piacenza to the Kingdom of Sardinia , and in 1861 it opened up in the new unitary state of Italy .

1. Wife of Princess Maria Pia of Naples and Sicily (1849–1882), mother of 12
2. Wife of Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal (1862–1959), mother of 12

Robert married his cousin (2nd degree) Princess Maria Pia of Naples-Sicily (1849-1882), daughter of King Ferdinand II and his second wife Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria on April 5, 1869 at Castle San Martino near Lucca . Some children were mentally and physically handicapped. This resulted from the married couple being too close. The marriage had twelve children:

Duke Robert with his eighteen children

In his second marriage, Robert married the Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal (1862–1959), daughter of King Michael I of the Braganza family and his wife Princess Adelheid von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg on October 15, 1884 at Fischhorn Castle near Zell am See . The marriage also had twelve children:

Quote

Duke Robert was a pleasant man with little ambition to rule and had come to terms with the loss.

" We are French princes who ruled in Italy "

- Duke Robert I of Parma

literature

  • Beate Hammond: Maria Theresia, Elisabeth, Zita - the youth of great empresses . Ueberreuter Verlag 2004

Web links

Commons : Duke Robert I of Parma  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
Charles III Duke of Parma
1854-1860 		––
–– Titular Duke of Parma
1860–1907 		Heinrich
personal data
SURNAME Robert I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bourbon-Parma, Robert Karl Ludwig Maria von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Parma
DATE OF BIRTH July 9, 1848
PLACE OF BIRTH Florence
DATE OF DEATH November 16, 1907
Place of death Lucca