Rosalia de Castro

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Rosalia de Castro

Rosalía de Castro (born February 21, 1837 in Santiago de Compostela , † July 15, 1885 in Padrón , Galicia ) was a Spanish writer and poet who contributed to the revaluation of the Galician language with her works .

Life

Statue of Rosalía de Castro in Padrón .
Bust of Rosalía de Castro on the Paseo de los Poetas, El Rosedal, Parque Tres de Febrero , Buenos Aires .

Rosalía de Castro was born as the illegitimate daughter of María Teresa de la Cruz de Castro y Abadía (1804–1862) and José Martínez Viojo (1798–1871) and was baptized with the first name María Rosalía Rita. Her father is not listed on her birth certificate; he was a seminarian and later a chaplain in the small community of Iria Flavia near Padrón. Overall, very little is known about their time as children and adolescents. She grew up with her arch-Catholic aunts on her father's side in the village of Ortoño and was only able to return to her mother, who was an impoverished noble family, at the age of 10. It is very likely that Rosalía de Castro attended the school of the “Sociedad Económica de amigos del País”, where she took lessons in music and drawing. She also starred in the play Rosmunda by Antonio Gil y Zárate in the Liceo de la Juventud. There she had the opportunity to meet people of intellectual life who would later play an important role in the Galician Renaissance . Among them Aurelio Aguirre, Eduardo Pondal, Alberto Camino, Rodríguez Seoane and Manuel Murguía , her future husband.

Rosalía de Castro married him at a young age, on October 10, 1858. Manuel Murguía was a chronicler of Galicia who wrote for various Madrid daily newspapers at the time. Due to his working conditions as a journalist, she was constantly on the move with him: Madrid , Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña , Vigo , Lugo , Simancas , Padrón were stations of her life. Seven months after their wedding, daughter Alejandra Murguía was born. Six more children followed: Aura in 1868, the twins Gala and Ovidio in 1871, as well as Amara in 1873 and finally in 1875 Adriano, who died in an accident a year and a half later. The last daughter Valentina was born dead in 1877.

Sometimes she lived with her husband, sometimes with her mother, who died in 1862, sometimes just with her children. Rosalía constantly struggled with health and financial problems. She was very domestic and devoted to the children and her husband. Of her own accord, Rosalía de Castro did not push for fame and fame. So it was her husband who convinced her to publish her works.

She died of uterine cancer at the age of 48 in her home in Padrón, where a museum has been set up in her honor. According to her wishes, she was buried in the Adina cemetery in Iria Flavia, a small hamlet near Padrón. Later, her body was transferred to the "Panteón de Galegos Ilustres de Santo Domingo de Bonaval" in Santiago.

Every year the "Día de Rosalía" is celebrated all over Galicia with many artistic activities.

plant

Statue of Rosalía del Castro on the Promenade de la Alameda, Santiago de Compostela

Despite the fact that Rosalía de Castros wrote most of her work in Spanish , her work is of essential importance for the revaluation of the Galician language. De Castro did not see Galician as a language, but called it dialect. Until 1881 she was a central figure in a movement called "O Rexurdimento" (resurrection).

She wrote her first verses when she was around 12 years old. At 17 she was already well known in her “Liceo de San Agustín”. Her first book was La Flor . Her last work was the volume of poems Follas novas (New Leaves) , edited in Havana in 1880 but printed in Madrid , a work which, full of melancholy, grants a deep insight into her view of life and deals with human existence and the fear of death . She dedicated a poem from it to the Galician emigrants in Cuba.

In Cantares Gallegos (German: Galician songs ), which is preceded by a prologue that is significant for Galician literature , she writes about the Galician landscape, about the indefinite longing and melancholy known as "saudade" and about country life. Overall, the author's lyrical work is characterized by a pessimistic mood; Death and pain are common issues. Formally, it is characterized by novel rhythms and great metrical freedom, making Rosalía de Castro a pioneer for Rubén Darío and other modernist poets .

The Galician poet went almost unnoticed during her lifetime. It was not rediscovered until late (especially by Azorín ) and contributed significantly to the development of modern poetry in Spain. Today it is also a symbol of Galician regionalism: every year on May 17th, it is celebrated in honor of the “Día das Letras Galegas”. Her picture was also featured on the earlier 500 peseta bills. Iberia named an Airbus A340-313 with the registration EC-GHX after her. Her portrait can also be found on the vertical stabilizer of a Boeing 737-800 (registration EI-ATCO) operated by Norwegian .

Complete edition

  • Obras Completas de Rosalía de Castro. (= Biblioteca Castro ). Ed. V. Manuel Arroyo Stephens. 2 volumes. Turner, Madrid 1993, ISBN 84-7506-388-8 .

Galician

Poetry

  • Cantares gallegos (Galician Chants) , 1863.
  • Follas novas (New Leaves) , 1880.

prose

  • Contos da miña terra I (later called Conto galego ) (1864)

Spanish

Poetry

  • A mi madre (1863, on the occasion of the death of her mother)
  • En las orillas del Sar (On the banks of the Sar) , 1884.

Novels

  • La hija del mar . Vigo 1859
  • Flavio . Madrid 1861
  • Ruinas . Madrid 1866
  • El caballero de las botas azules . Lugo 1867
  • El primer loco . Madrid 1881

German

  • On the banks of the Sar . Insel Verlag, Frankfurt 1987, ISBN 3-458-14548-6 .
  • On the banks of the Sar . Poems in Spanish and German. Transmission and afterword by Fritz Vogelgsang. [Suhrkamp], [Frankfurt am Main] 1991, ISBN 3-458-16164-3 .
  • WORKS I -Early seals- The flower, songs, In memory of the poet Aurelio Aguirre Galarraga, who died too early, For my mother. Transmission and introduction by Christian Switek. [BoD], [Norderstedt] 2017, ISBN 978-3-7386-1959-1 .
  • WORKS II The daughter of the sea. Novella. Translation, foreword, introduction and notes by Christian Switek. [tredition], [Hamburg] 2016, ISBN 978-3-7323-4981-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://rosaliadecastro.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Auszug-Magisterarbeit-Switek-Rosal%C3%ADa-de-Castro.pdf
  2. ↑ New sheets on rosaliadecastro.de
  3. ^ Prolog

literature

  • Matilde Albert Robatto: Rosalía de Castro y Emilia Pardo Bazán: afinidades y contrastes. Ed. do Castro, Sada 1995, ISBN 84-7492-743-9 .
  • Jesús Alonso Montero: Rosalía de Castro. Júcar, Madrid 1972.
  • Dietrich Briesemeister: The seal of Rosalia de Castro . Bergmiller, Munich 1959.
  • Helmut Domke: "Rosalía de Castro> Dolor de vivir <", in: Dichter einer Landschaft, Prestel, Munich 1969, pp. 171–178.
  • Catherine Davies: Rosalía de Castro no seu tempo. Galaxia, Vigo 1987.
  • Felten, Hans: "Rosalía de Castro de Murguía", in: Kindlers Neues Literaturlexikon, Vol. 3, Munich 1989, pp. 723–725.
  • Felten, Hans and Valcárcel Augustin: “Rosalía de Castro”, in: The same: Spanish poetry from the Renaissance to the late 19th century. Spanish German. Stuttgart 1990, Reclam, pp. 392-395.
  • Hina, Horst: “Why write and for whom? - The writer Rosalía de Castro ”, in: Frackowiak, Ute (ed.): A space for writing: Writing women in Spain from the 16th to the 20th century. Berlin 1998, Edition Tranvía. Pp. 153-173.
  • Kathleen K. Kulp: Manner and Mood in Rosalía de Castro. A Study of Themes and Style. José Porrúa Turanzas, Madrid 1968.
  • Francisco Rodríguez: Análise sociolóxica da obra de Rosalía de Castro. AS-PG, Vigo 1988.
  • Christian Switek: Nation, Literature and Femininity - Rosalía de Castro in 19th century Spain . Master's thesis . Göttingen 1999. (Reception)
  • Kristin Schober: Non-Existence of Ideal Love and the Polycrates Complex in Life and Selected Novels Rosalía de Castro . Mag.arb. University of Graz, 2001.

Web links

Commons : Rosalía de Castro  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Castro, Rosalia de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Castro, Rosalía do (Galician)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish writer and poet
DATE OF BIRTH February 21, 1837
PLACE OF BIRTH Santiago de Compostela
DATE OF DEATH July 15, 1885
Place of death Padrón