Rosstäuscher

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The terms horse-dealer (also Ross comb called) and skulduggery come from the trade with horses . Rosstäuscher initially only referred to a horse dealer who exchanged the animals for money or for other goods, later (even in the Middle Ages, e.g. around 1400: "So you like to rustle up with under ... vil trogenhait and shitty drifting". ) which was skulduggery primarily a fraudulent behavior of a trader customers with various tricks about health, age and value of the horse is deceptive.

From the horse trade, idioms such as "feel someone else" come from. This comes from the practice of recognizing the true age of a horse by the structure of its teeth (see tooth age determination ). The proverbially famous "pepper in the ass" also comes from this profession.

Examples of fooling around

For example, horses' mane or fur were dyed to conceal their age or to hide the appearance of defects, closed damaged areas on the hooves with suitable materials, trimmed their hair on their ears and tail to make them look younger, or changed them Purpose even your teeth (spanking or counter-mark). A similarly serious operation was putting on the ears . The aim of this manipulation was to tighten the skin between the ears and thus make the horse's ears more attractive. Part of the skin between the horse's ears was removed and the remainder sewn tightly.

The use of painkillers or sedatives or stimulants such as arsenic was one of the methods of deception; In addition to medicinal stimulants, however, training or lighter pain stimuli were also common in order to make the horses appear more agile than they actually were.

Occasionally horses were presented as worse than they were in order to prevent expropriation or confiscation by sovereigns, the military or the like. This happened z. B. by nails in the hoof, lashed hair on the pasterns and other pain or confusion-inducing measures.

Countermeasures in the past

Becoming a victim of fraud in the horse trade was not a trivial matter, but since the horse was of existential importance as a transport and riding animal or in agriculture, damage was serious for those affected. This required special clarification measures in order to avoid fraud. The imperial head stable master Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Eisenberg and the electoral Saxon university stable master Johann Friedrich Rosenzweig were among the first to express themselves in writing about it and create a kind of manual for protection against the cheating on the horse . At the University of Leipzig , the latter also held the events that have gone down in university history as stable master lectures, in which, in addition to horse keeping, horse diseases and their treatment, protection from the widespread horse fooling played an essential role. Already in Zedlers Universal Lexikon one gets an impression of the scope of the Rosstüscherei. The article in question refers to a work by Johann Ferdinand Beham from 1684 which contains this problem area.

Legal

Where a horse buyer within fourteen days of purchase determines that the horse stupid Koller or heaves suffers, so must be assumed that the animal also had been ill at the time of the sale, and the seller would be liable for the damage - as the Regulation in Austria.

Since animals according to § 90a BGB are not things in Germany, but must be treated like such, the warranty law also applies to them . Horses can therefore z. B. be returned if they do not have the agreed quality (e.g. health, education ).

Figurative meaning

Today the term skulduggery in many ways of cheating by whitewashing, unrepresentative presentation covering of blemishes or deliberate omission of is information metaphorically applied. Business practices are particularly widespread in the used car trade.

literature

  • Barbara Tichy: Horse trade and horse trader practices in the mirror of veterinary literature between 1780 and 1850. Gießen, Univ., Diss., 1995.

Historical literature (selection)

  • Johann Ferdinand Behams JUD ... Von Roßtausch-Recht: nine and eighty unreadable decided cases and resolved questions ..., Zieger: Nürnberg 1684.
  • Gerhard Eis : Master Albrants Roßarzneibuch. Constance 1960.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm von Eisenberg : Discovered horse-fiddling arts to avoid deceit when buying horses, with comments, explanations and additions by Johann Friedrich Rosenzweig . Leipzig 1780.
  • Christian Ehrenfried Seyfert von Tennecker: Textbook of the horse trade and the horse-maker arts. Hanover 1822.
  • Anton Engelhart: Small handbook for horse buyers Or thorough instructions, the mistakes, beauties ct. to locate a horse and to discover the rose exchange arts, along with the most excellent rules for horse shopping. Quedlinburg, Leipzig 1834.
  • Abraham Mortier, called Mortgen, horse dealer, and TF Lentin: Secrets of the horse trade. A paperback for horse connoisseurs and horse lovers. Results of more than seventy years of practice in the horse trade, along with an appendix, containing self-experienced anecdotes in the horse trade. Oranienburg 1884.

Rosstäuscher in literature and in film

The legend Der spiritus familiaris des Rosstücher tells of a Rosstücher who loses eight horses in quick succession, regains wealth with the help of a mysterious power and loses it again because he does not keep a command that is tied to this wealth.

The farce The bruised Rosstäuscher by Ludwig Aurbacher initially apparently deals with the trick of coloring horses, because the buyer is advised not to bring the horse into contact with water in the near future. When he does ride into a flood, the horse dissolves into nothing or a bundle of straw. Gustav Schwab also relates the same episode from Faust's life .

Christopher Marlowe's play Dr. Like Aurbacher, Faustus brings the Rosstüuser theme into connection with the tradition of Faust.

The work Der Rosstäuscher comes from Annette von Droste-Hülshoff .

In 1920 the novel Der Rosstäuscher by Emil Scholl was published .

In his book, Otfried Preußler lets Krabat help deceive business partners in a similar way to Aurbacher Zauberkünste.

In Astrid Lindgren 's Books Rasmus, Pontus and sword swallowers will incite on the continuous center, old Moravia with arsenic have been reported.

One of the episodes of the television series Royal Bavarian District Court is titled Der Rosstäuscher .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gundolf Keil : 'Roßaventüre'. In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Volume 8, Sp. 242–244 (on the oldest German-language collection of tricks for horse deer).
  2. ↑ Gundolf Keil: Schlägler Albrant attachments (. Mittelbair collection of horse-dealer recipes). In: Author's Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Volume 8, Col. 704 f.
  3. ↑ podcastdirectory.com  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.podcastdirectory.com  
  4. ^ Lawyer Eduard Graf von Westphalen / hufgefluester.de: Caution trap! - Doping and fooling around ( memento from October 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), October 2005.
  5. ^ Gustav Adolf Buchheister: Handbuch der Drogisten-Praxis, 1893, p. 462.
  6. ↑ http://www.hippiatrika.com/download.htm?id=20020406 Heinz Meyer, Roßtüsselerei, in: Pferdeheilkunde 18 (2002) 4 (July / August)
  7. ↑ Mario Todte: Fecht-, Reit- und Tanzmeister at the University of Leipzig (Studies on Culture and History Vol. 1, edited by Lars-Arne Dannenberg and Matthias Donath ), Bernstadt ad Eigen 2016, pp. 87-96. ISBN 978-3-944104-12-6 .
  8. ^ Heinrich Mattheis: Beginnings of veterinary instruction at the University of Leipzig . vet. med. Diss., Berlin 1939, pp. 36-76. This dissertation also contains a transcript from one of Rosenzweig's stable master lectures.
  9. ^ Rossäuscher, Rosskamm; Horsehead right. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 32, Leipzig 1742, columns 1037-1040.
  10. ↑ Johann Ferdinand Behams JUD ... Von Roßtauscher-Recht: nine and eighty unread decided cases and resolved questions ..., Zieger: Nürnberg 1684.
  11. ↑ auw.form.at  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / auw.form.at  
  12. ↑ gs / ADAC: ADAC test used car purchase: There are too many Rosstäuscher. In: Focus Online . March 28, 2007, accessed October 14, 2018 .