Rust-browed vireo

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Rust-browed vireo
Rust-browed vireo (Cyclarhis gujanensis) Call of the rust-browed vireo? / I

Rust brow vireo ( Cyclarhis gujanensis ) Call of the rust brow vireo ? / i
Audio file / audio sample

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Corvoidea
Family : Vireos (Vireonidae)
Genre : Great-billed vireos ( Cyclarhis )
Type : Rust-browed vireo
Scientific name
Cyclarhis gujanensis
( JF Gmelin , 1789)

The Rostbrauenvireo ( Cyclarhis gujanensis ), also Großschnabelvireo or parrot Würger called, is a kind of the genus of Großschnabelvireos ( Cyclarhis ) within the family of vireos (Vireonidae). Several subspecies are described.

distribution

This species occurs from Mexico through Central and South America to northern Argentina , as well as on the Caribbean island of Trinidad . There she inhabits the primeval forests and other wooded areas as well as savannas, bushland and meadows.

description

The rust-brow vireo reaches a length of 16 centimeters and a weight of approx. 20-39 grams. Typical representatives of the species are olive-colored on the upper side with a gray head and neck. The color of the throat and chest is pale yellow to olive yellow and becomes whitish towards the belly. The forehead to the eyebrows is rusty brown. The beak is short, strong and gray in color. The legs are light gray.

Way of life

The rust-browed vireo feeds on berries and insects , which it divides with its powerful beak. The birds stay true to their location all year round .

Reproduction

Rust-browed vireos build a nest from the bark of trees and grass, which they attach to a fork of a tree or bush. The female lays two to three eggs that are mottled pale pink and brown. Both adult birds are involved in raising the young. The incubation period is about 11 to 13 days and the nestling time of the young about 13 days.

Danger

The IUCN classifies this species as " Least Concern (LC) " = "not endangered" due to its large distribution area .

Subspecies

Twenty-two subspecies are known:

  • C. g. septentrionalis Phillips, AR , 1991 - This subspecies is found in eastern Mexico .
  • C. g. flaviventris Lafresnaye , 1842 - This subspecies is distributed in southeastern Mexico with the exception of the Yucatán peninsula , in Guatemala and in northern Honduras .
  • C. g. yucatanensis Ridgway , 1887 - This subspecies is found on the Yucatán Peninsula.
  • C. g. insularis Ridgway , 1885 - This subspecies is common on Cozumel .
  • C. g. nicaraguae Miller, W & Griscom , 1925 - The range of this subspecies extends from southern Mexico to Nicaragua .
  • C. g. subflavescens Cabanis , 1861 - This subspecies is found in Costa Rica and western Panama .
  • C. g. perrygoi Wetmore , 1950 - This subspecies is common in western central Panama.
  • C. g. flavens Wetmore , 1950 - This subspecies occurs in eastern Panama.
  • C. g. coibae Hartert , 1901 - The range of this subspecies is the Coiba Island .
  • C. g. cantica Bangs , 1898 - This subspecies is found in northern and central Colombia .
  • C. g. flavipectus Sclater, PL , 1859 - This subspecies is found in northeastern Venezuela and Trinidad .
  • C. g. parva Chapman , 1917 - The range of this subspecies is the northeast of Colombia and the north of Venezuela.
  • C. g. gujanensis ( Gmelin, JF , 1789) - The nominate form occurs in eastern Colombia and southern Venezuela via the Guyanas and northeastern Brazil , central Brazil and eastern Peru .
  • C. g. cearensis Baird, SF , 1866 - This subspecies is common in eastern Brazil.
  • C. g. ochrocephala Tschudi , 1845 - The distribution area of ​​this subspecies extends over the southeast of Brazil, Uruguay , Paraguay and the northeast of Argentina
  • C. g. viridis ( Vieillot , 1822) - This subspecies is found in Paraguay and northern Argentina.
  • C. g. virenticeps Sclater, PL , 1860 - This subspecies is found in western Ecuador and northwestern Peru.
  • C. g. contrerasi Taczanowski , 1879 - This subspecies is common in the southeast of Ecuador and the north of Peru.
  • C. g. saturata Zimmer, JT , 1925 - The distribution area of ​​this subspecies is central Peru.
  • C. g. pax Bond & Meyer de Schauensee , 1942 - This subspecies occurs in eastern central Bolivia .
  • C. g. dorsalis Zimmer, JT , 1942 - This subspecies is common in central Bolivia.
  • C. g. tarijae Bond & Meyer de Schauensee , 1942 - This subspecies occurs in southeastern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina.

Web links

Commons : Rostbrauenvireo ( Cyclarhis gujanensis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Philip Whitfield (ed.): The great world empire of the animals. Planet Medien AG, Zug 1992, ISBN 3-8247-8614-1 , (p. 380, 381) Translation from English
  • Christopher M. Perrins: The great encyclopedia of birds Page: 330, 332 Publisher: Orbis Verlag 1996 ISBN 3-572-00810-7 , German. Translation from English
  • Christopher M. Perrins (Ed.): The FSVO encyclopedia birds of the world. Translated from the English by Einhard Bezzel. BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 2004, ISBN 978-3-405-16682-3 , pp. 478-479 (title of the original English edition: The New Encyclopedia Of Birds. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003).
  • Johann Friedrich Gmelin: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . tape 1 , no. 2 . Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig 1789 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Waldron DeWitt Miller, Ludlow Griscom: Notes on Central American birds, with descriptions of new forms . In: American Museum Novitates . No. 183 , 1925, pp. 1–14 (English, digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 1.4 MB ]).
  • Allan Robert Phillips: The known birds of North and Middle America. Distributions and Variation, Migrations, Changes, Hybrids, etc. Band 2 (Bombycillidae; Sylviidae to Sturnidae; Vireoni). Published by the Author, Denver 1991, ISBN 978-0-9617402-1-4 .
  • Frédéric de Lafresnaye: Description of quelques Oiseaux nouveaux . In: Revue zoologique par la Société cuviérienne . tape 5 , 1842, pp. 133-134 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Robert Ridgway : Description of some new species of birds from Cozumel Island, Yucatan . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 3 , 1885, p. 21-24 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Robert Ridgway: Descriptions of new subspecies of Cyclorhis from Yucatan . In: Proceedings of the United States National Museum . tape 9 , no. 588 , 1886, pp. 519 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jean Louis Cabanis : Overview of the birds of Costa Rica in the Berlin Museum . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 8 , no. 48 , 1860, pp. 401-416 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Alexander Wetmore: An additional form of Pepper-shrike from western Panama . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 63 , 1950, pp. 61-62 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Alexander Wetmore: Additional forms of birds from the Republics of Panama and Colombia . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 63 , 1950, pp. 171-174 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Ernst Hartert: Mr. Ernst Hartert sent descriptions of the following four new birds . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 12 , no. 84 , 1901, pp. 32-33 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Outram Bangs: On some birds from Santa Marta, Colombia . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 12 , 1898, pp. 131-144 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater: Characters of Five New Species of American Birds . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 26 , 1858, pp. 446-449 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater: List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser at Bayahoyo in Ecuador, with description of new species . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 28 , 1860, p. 272-290 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frank Michler Chapman : The distribution of bird-life in Colombia: a contribution to a biological survey of South America . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 36 , no. 16 , 1917, pp. 1–792 (English, online [PDF; 123.6 MB ]).
  • Spencer Fullerton Baird: Review of American birds, in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution . tape 1 . Smithsonian Institution, Washington 1866 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Johann Jakob von Tschudi: Subsequent comments on my Conspectus avium etc . In: Archives for Natural History . tape 11 , no. 1 , 1845, p. 360-366 ( online ).
  • Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre et continués Louis Pierre Vieillot: Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. tape 2 . Mme. Veuve Agasse, Paris 1822 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Władysław Taczanowski: List of Oiseaux recueillis au Nord da Perou par MM. Stolzmann et Jelski from 1878 . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1879 . No. 1 , 1879, p. 220-245 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Todd Zimmer : Two new birds from Peru . In: Publication 228. Field Museum of Natural History (=  Zoological Series ). tape 12 , no. 8 , 1925, pp. 101-109 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Todd Zimmer: Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 41, The genera Hylophilus, Smaragdolanius, and Cyclarhis . In: American Museum Novitates . No. 1160 , 1942, pp. 1–16 (English, digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.2 MB ]).
  • James Bond, Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee: New Birds from Bolivia . In: Notulae naturae of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . No. 105 , 1942, ISSN  0029-4608 , pp. 1-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Robert S. Ridgely, Guy Tudor, William L. Brown: The Birds of South America: The oscine passerines. University of Texas Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0-292-70756-6 , pp. 145-146.
  2. ↑ Cyclarhis gujanensis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011.1. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2009. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
  3. ↑ IOC World Bird List Shrikes, vireos & shrike-babblers
  4. ↑ Allan Robert Phillips, p. 164.
  5. ↑ Frédéric de Lafresnaye, p. 133.
  6. ^ Robert Ridgway 1886 (1887), p. 519.
  7. ^ Robert Ridgway 1885, p. 22.
  8. ↑ Waldron DeWitt Miller et al. a., p. 6.
  9. ^ Jean Louis Cabanis, p. 405.
  10. ↑ Alexander Wetmore, p. 61.
  11. ↑ Alexander Wetmore, p. 174.
  12. ↑ Ernst Hartert, p. 22.
  13. ^ Outram Bangs, p. 142.
  14. ↑ Philip Lutley Sclater 1858 (1859), p. 448.
  15. ↑ Frank Michler Chapman, p. 541.
  16. ^ Johann Friedrich Gmelin, p. 893.
  17. ^ Spencer Fullerton Baird, p. 391.
  18. ↑ Johann Jakob von Tschudi, p. 362.
  19. ^ Louis Pierre Vieillot, p. 793.
  20. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater (1860), p. 274, plate 164.
  21. ↑ Władysław Taczanowski, p. 224, plate 21.
  22. ^ John Todd Zimmer (1925), p. 107.
  23. ↑ James Bond et al. a., p. 3.
  24. ^ John Todd Zimmer (1942), p. 13.
  25. ↑ James Bond et al. a., p. 2.