Rudolf Losse

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Rudolf Losse (* around 1310 near Eisenach ; † January 4, 1364, presumably in Mainz ) was an Electorate Chancellor and notary . He is also referred to as the “right hand” of Elector Baldwin of Trier . Above all, his estate Nova Alamania , edited by Edmund E. Stengel , a comprehensive collection of documents of the church administration, writings on legal finding and papal decrees, but also documents of the scholarly literature, sets Losse apart from his contemporaries.

Life

Losse came from a Thuringian ministerial family. He received his training as a notary at the University of Montpellier between 1327 and 1331. A year later he became a document writer in the office of the diocese of Trier . His obviously special skills in the formulation of service contracts, atonement deeds or legal interpretations and his diplomatic skills in negotiating matters made him rise to the political elite of the Holy Roman Empire in the middle of the 14th century. At the beginning of his career in the service of Bishop Balduin, later also with other church superiors and Emperor Charles IV (HRR) , he achieved considerable prosperity for his advisory and mediating activities with benefices and associated titles. So he could z. B. In 1348, lend 200 marks of silver to Emperor Charles IV. In 1342 Baldwin of Luxembourg appointed him his protonotary , in 1344 he was an official , chief judge of Baldwin and, after his death, increasingly also active in matters relating to the empire for Charles IV.

Losse's rise from document writer of low origin to advisor and envoy in church and imperial administration was hampered by noble cathedral capitulars . He had to have Landgrave Friedrich von Thuringia expressly confirm his nobilis status . King John of Bohemia called him derico et familiari nostro in 1334 , a close member of the royal government. In 1341 the French king named him nostrum honorabilem clericum. In 1348 Charles IV is said to have campaigned emphatically for losse among the lords of the Mainz cathedral chapter . A prerequisite for important activities in the church area was a clerical status, which he received on Holy Saturday 1340 with the ordination of deacons by Bishop Baldwin. This was followed by benefices as canons and deacons in Karden and Longuyon, among others, to exercise spiritual jurisdiction.

Little is known about Losse's personality: until he was ordained as a deacon, he is said to have had a relationship with a Lisa , the daughter of a Trier dyer. A brother of Losses Hermann has come down to us in connection with a money transaction for Emperor Charles IV. Losse died in 1364 as chairman of the Mainz cathedral chapter.

Act

Rudolf Losse was probably already in contact with the Avigonese Curia during his studies in Montpellier (1327–1331) . 1328 confirmed Pope John XXII. Rudolf Losse the right to a benefice near Gotha . From 1332 Losse worked for Bishop Balduin and developed a document style which, due to its "concise brevity", became a model in German-speaking law firms. He is assigned a significant role in the development of the early New High German document language .

As legal advisor to Bishop Baldwin, he represented the dispute over the Pope's license to practice medicine , both the unrestricted right to vote for the electors and the cathedral chapter on the selection of candidates for a new bishop. The texts for the declarations of the Kurverein von Rhens should have been pre-formulated by him. As envoy and negotiator for Charles IV, he was often at the papal court in Avignon and at the French court. In 1349, in the first phase of the Hundred Years War , he negotiated the exit of Duke John of Brabant from the alliance with the English King Edward III.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The estate archived in the Kassel State Library and the Darmstadt State Archive is also the subject of a dissertation from 2004. See literature: Miriam Spiller, Justus Liebig University Gießen 2004 (2006).
  2. ↑ A compilation of the benefices Losses: Hans-Günther Langer, Urkundenssprache u. Document formulas in Kurtrier and M. of the 14th century […] during the activity of Rudolf Losses […] , ArchDipl. 16, 1970
  3. ↑ probably in the negotiations on Baldwin's alliance with King Philip VI. (France)
  4. ↑ Monumenta Germaniae Historica Const. 8, no. 685
  5. ^ F. Burghard, Officials and Administration of Baldwin of Luxembourg, Festschrift p. 230 ff.
  6. ↑ F. Pauly, Baldwin von Luxemburg as Archbishop of Trier, Festschrift 1985, p. 177
  7. ↑ EE Stengel, 2, note 33, p. 614 f.
  8. ↑ H.-G. Langer, The language of the Kurtrierischen chancellery ..., Festschrift 1985, p. 263 ff.
  9. ^ F. Burghard, Officials and Administration ..., in Festschrift 1985, p. 243
personal data
SURNAME Losse, Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Cathedral dean in Mainz, notary and registry
DATE OF BIRTH around 1310
PLACE OF BIRTH Eisenach
DATE OF DEATH January 4, 1364