Clary sage
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Clary sage ( Salvia sclarea ) |
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The clary sage ( Salvia sclarea ), also nutmeg sage , Roman sage , Scharlei or Scharl also called, is a species of the genus sage ( Salvia ) in the family Labiatae (Lamiaceae). The glandular, sticky plant gives off a spicy scent, which the German common name refers to.
features
The clary sage is an evergreen, biennial to perennial herbaceous plant with a pleiociform taproot . The plant reaches heights of 50 to 110 centimeters. In the first year the leaf rosette is formed, in the second year the inflorescence develops. The blade of the large leaves is simple, heart- shaped and gray-haired. The purple and pink bracts of the Scheinquirle are longer than the calyx. The inflorescence axes are covered with simple hairs and glandular hairs (muscat odor). The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic . The calyx is broadly heart-shaped, ciliate briefly on the edge, purple, wine red or white. The calyx teeth are awned and piercing. The crown is 20 to 28 millimeters long, light blue, pink or purple. The corolla tube has a small scale inside on the belly side.
The flowering period extends from June to July.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
Occurrence
The clary sage occurs from the Mediterranean area to Central Asia. It inhabits rocky slopes, forests, fields and roadsides up to altitudes of 2000 meters.
use
The clary sage is rarely grown as an ornamental plant in perennial beds . It has been in culture since the 9th century at the latest, there are several varieties.
It is used as a medicinal plant and spice .
The following drugs are used:
- Salviae sclareae herba ( synonyms : Herba Gallitrichi , Herba Hormini sativi , Herba Salviae sclareae) : These are the above-ground parts of the plant that were harvested at the time of flowering.
- Oleum Salviae sclareae (synonym: Salviae aetheroleum sclareae ): By means of steam distillation can of inflorescences and shoot tips of 100 kg of 800 grams clear essential clary sage (oleum salviae sclareae) are obtained. The main components of the colorless oil include linalyl acetate (up to 75%), linalool (up to 30%), nerolidol and nerolia acetate as well as the diterpene alcohol sclareol , which can vary greatly depending on the growing area, harvest time and climatic conditions.
The effects of the muscatel sage are in some ways similar to that of the real sage . Due to its sclareol content, it also has hormone-like effects.
In ancient Greece and Rome it was used for headaches . Leaves and flowers can be eaten raw or cooked. The flowers are used to flavor wormwood wines; in the past they were also added to other wines. The oil from the plant is processed in the perfume and cosmetics industries. The flowers of the clary sage are also a relatively good pasture for bees . On an area of one hectare passed with it, a honey yield of 107 to 174 kg per flowering season can result.
supporting documents
literature
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Botanical Garden of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg: Spice plants in the field , compiled by Prof. Dr. A. Hohenester and gardening inspector J. Stiglmayr, page 36
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 809 .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Salvia sclarea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 21, 2016.
- ↑ B. Schäfer, Chem. Unserer Zeit , 2011 , 45, 374 - 388; doi: 10.1002 / ciuz.201100557 .
- ↑ Wabner / Beier: Aromatherapy (2nd edition 2012), p. 222
- ↑ Josef Lipp et al .: Handbook of Apiculture - The Honey . 3., rework. Ed., Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-7417-0 , p. 38
Web links
- Clary sage. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Salvia sclarea L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for the Swiss flora . Retrieved February 21, 2016.
- Thomas Meyer: Sage data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Entry in Plants for a Future. (English)
- The medicinal plant.