San Silvestro in Capite
| San Silvestro in Capite
|
|
|---|---|
| Patronage : | Holy New Year |
| Consecration day : | |
| Medal: | Pallottine SAC |
| Cardinal priest : | Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun |
| National Church: |
 Great Britain
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| Parish: | Sant'Andrea delle Fratte |
| Address: | Piazza di San Silvestro 17 00187 Roma |
San Silvestro in Capite ( Latin Sancti Silvestri in Capite ) is a church in Rome and titular church of the Roman Catholic Church . It was built in the 8th century on the remains of an ancient building; its forecourt contains a large number of ancient and medieval spoils . It is the national church of English Catholics and is administered by Pallottines .
location
The church is in the III. Roman Rione Colonna , at the Piazza San Silvestro in Capite about 200 meters northeast of the Piazza Colonna .
Building history
The first church was built in the 8th century under Pope Stephan III. Erected on the ruins of a Roman temple, this was dedicated to the god Sol . A Romanesque building followed, the campanile dates from this time . Finally, Domenico de Rossi gave the church its present form from 1690.
Basic structure
The building is single-nave, the nave opens into side chapels . The facade facing the piazza is not the facade of the church, but leads into an inner courtyard, the portal and the actual facade of the church itself are behind the courtyard. The church has a campanile and a crypt .
Exterior
The facade, which is actually part of the gatehouse leading to the church , was executed by Domenico de Rossi after 1700. On the left and right of the portal , the display walls are structured by corner pilasters with Ionic capitals. The marble relief above the entrance is based on the "imprint" of Jesus Christ on the handkerchief of St. Veronica . The actual portal leading to the church is simple, three arcade arches open over square pillars decorated with pilasters , above is a simple floor - which continues the pilaster structure of the portico - with windows and a simple gable. The campanile is multi-story with double windows typical of the Romanesque.
patio
The special feature of the inner courtyard are the numerous walled-in spoilers . The historical spectrum ranges from antiquity to the 18th century and includes a wide variety of topics and depictions.
Gravestone of the noble Faustino de Crispolti, † 1728
Medieval festival calendar of those saints whose relics are venerated in the church
Ancient roman tombstone
Gravestone of Cardinal Francesco Carrara, † 1793
Gravestone of a Maurizio Mauro, † 1661
Ancient Roman tombstone of an Eutychus
Part of a Roman sarcophagus
Various spoils, walled up in the gatehouse
Interior
The church has a single nave, and the side chapels open between the arcade arches of the nave. The church is decorated with rich use of gold leaf and stucco decoration , in keeping with the taste of the baroque renovation. The pillars to the side chapels are decorated with pilasters, the nave is vaulted with a barrel vault . The apse as well as the choir are decorated with frescoes .
High altar
The high altar was created by Carlo Rainaldi . It houses the tabernacle , which is framed by angels and cherubins . Above the tabernacle there is a figure of John the Baptist , the gable shows the veil of Veronica .
Chapel of St. John
The church owes its nickname in Capite to a valuable relic : it is said to be the head of John the Baptist, which is kept here in a Gothic reelquiar. The chapel is the first on the left.
crypt
In the crypt of the church remains of the previous buildings from different centuries are visible.
Others
The two pillars under the organ gallery date from early Christian times.
Interior with early Christian columns
High altar
Stairway to the crypt
Reliquary with the presumed skull of Johannes d. T.
Head of St. Johannes d. Partly without reilquiar
monastery
The former monastery of San Silvestro in Capite , which is directly adjacent to the church in the east , was also founded by Pope Stephan III. founded. As in the case of the church, renovations were carried out at the end of the 16th century and then around 1700. In the 12th century, Benedictines took over the monastery, followed by Poor Clares in 1285 and Pallottines in 1855 , who still look after the church today. The monastery was converted into the main building of the Italian Post Office in 1877 . In 2003 the Italian government acquired the building and had it extensively renovated. Since 2007, it has served, together with neighboring buildings in Via della Mercede, as a branch of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers , whose headquarters are in the nearby Palazzo Chigi . The archives of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers and part of the modern Biblioteca Chigiana were housed in the pillared hall of the former main post office . Part of the building is still used by the post office, the other rooms are used for administrative purposes.
See also
literature
- Johann M. Wiesel: Rome. An art and travel guide. 4th edition, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1966.
- Manfred Wundram (Ed.): Reclams Art Guide, Italy. Volume V. Rome and Latium. Reclam, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-15-008679-5 .
Web links
- Homepage (English)
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 41 ° 54 ′ 10.5 ″ N , 12 ° 28 ′ 50.5 ″ E