Sandwich (kent)

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sandwich
St. Thomas Hospital
St. Thomas Hospital
Coordinates 51 ° 16 ′  N , 1 ° 20 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 16 ′  N , 1 ° 20 ′  E
Sandwich (england)
sandwich
sandwich
Residents 4985 (as of 2011)
administration
Post town sandwich
ZIP code section CT13
prefix 01304
Part of the country England
region South East England
Shire county Kent
District Dover
British Parliament Dover
Website: www.open-sandwich.co.uk

Sandwich [ ˈsændwɨd͡ʒ ] is a town in the county of Kent in south-east England with about 4,500 inhabitants. It is the English twin town of Sonsbeck and is located in the Dover district not far from the mouth of the River Stour in the North Sea , 3 km from the sea. Richborough is 2 km north of Sandwich with the remains of the Roman fort Rutupiae .

history

The location of Sandwich on the Wantsum Channel , once a navigable waterway for ships going to London , made what used to be directly on the sea an important port during the time of the Anglo-Saxons . The Anglo-Saxons settled here from around the 9th century when the sea withdrew from the ruined Roman port of Rutupiae. King Edgar placed the port and the city of Sandwich under the monastery of Christ Church in Canterbury , and at the time of the Domesday Book the place was supplying the monks with about 40,000 herrings annually .

Sandwich had been part of the Cinque Ports merger since the 11th century , which initially comprised five of the kingdom's most important port cities at the time, including Dover and Hastings . In this position Sandwich had to put five ships in the service of the king, but was also given numerous privileges like the other members of the Cinque Ports. Towards the end of the 13th century, the monks left the city to Queen Eleanor with some restrictions . In 1364 they transferred more of their rights to Edward III. , so that Sandwich was now completely under the English crown. A document from Henry II confirmed the city's rights that had already been granted to it, and these were given in 1205 by Johann Ohneland , in 1313 by Edward II and in 1365 by Edward III. reaffirmed. From the 13th century, Sandwich was ruled by a mayor ( Mayor ) and the city council ( Jurats ); a mayor was elected as early as 1226. During the Wars of the Roses , in 1460, a major battle took place next to the city.

In the Middle Ages , Sandwich was one of the main ports for shipping to the European continent. The English kings often used it as a departure point for their expeditions against France . The town's herring fishery and general trade flourished. But when the sea gradually receded and the Wantsum Channel silted up, the harbor fell into disrepair and was already unusable at the time of Elizabeth I. During her reign, from 1560 onwards, numerous Protestant Dutch settlers who were persecuted for religious reasons in their homeland moved to the city. These founded the woolen industry and vegetable growing; but this only temporarily led to a renewed increase in prosperity. Roger Manwood founded a Latin school in Sandwich in 1564.

Queen Eleanor had granted Sandwich in 1290 to hold three masses a year; Henry VII granted the city two masses, which took place from February 7th and June 5th and lasted 30 days each; and the charter given by Charles II in 1684 provided for two masses on April 1st and October 1st. This custom seems to have expired before the end of the 18th century. From 1366 to 1885, Sandwich sent two representatives to the English Parliament. Thomas Paine lived in Sandwich from 1759 to 1768.

Not far north of the city, the secret military port of Richborough Port was established during the First World War .

The place is considered the origin of the fast food classic sandwich .

Cityscape and landmarks

Sandwich City Hall
St. Clement Church
St. Peter's Church

Many of Sandwich's old buildings have been preserved and stand along narrow, winding streets within the old city wall, where there are now beautiful promenades. The Fisher Gate and a gateway called The Barbican are interesting ; but the four main gates of the former city fortifications were demolished in the 18th century. Other attractions in the city that belongs Church of St. Clement's Church from the 12th century. Also worth seeing are St. Mary's Church , which was first mentioned in a document in 1311, and St. Peter's Church , which dates back to the 13th century and which dates back to a Norman predecessor built around 1100. The town hall from 1579 stands on the town square; St. Thomas Hospital was built in 1392.

Curfew Bell

From St. Peter's Church from every night ringing (except Sundays) at 20 o'clock the Curfew Bell (dt. Curfew). In the past, this was a signal for the population to let the pigs out on the streets in order to e.g. B. to eat up the garbage (and was therefore called Pigbell ). A second bell ( called a goosebell ) rang as a signal that the pigs should be collected again. The task of ringing the Curfew Bell is done by a group of 31 volunteers from the city who are on duty once a month.

schools

There are 4 schools in Sandwich:

  • Sandwich Infant School (5-7 year olds)
  • Sandwich Junior School (7-11 year olds)
  • Sandwich Technology School
  • Sir Roger Manwood's Grammar School (high school)

sons and daughters of the town

Twin cities

Sandwich has partnerships with the following cities:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 Census Parish level population
  2. ↑ a b c d e sandwich. In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. 1910-11, Volume 24, p. 143.
  3. ^ Disturbance of the Peace in Sandwich on Europe Online Magazine, published and accessed May 13, 2012
  4. ^ Sandwich , in: Encyclopædia Britannica online.

Web links

Commons : Sandwich, Kent  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Sandwich  Travel Guide