Santa Maria della Luce
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Patronage : | St. Mary |
| Consecration day : | Last November 9, 1882 |
| Address: |
Via della Luce 00153 Roma |
Santa Maria della Luce , until the 18th century San Salvatore della Corte , is a church in Rome . It is the church of the Terziaren of the order of the Paulaner and other communities. In its current form, it comes from an almost completely new building that was started in the first half of the 18th century and was completed in 1821.
Location and naming
The church is on the left side of the Tiber in the XIII. Roman Rione Trastevere , about 200 meters southwest of the Ponte Cestio .
Originally the church was called "San Salvatore della Corte" or "San Salvatore in Corte" and was consecrated to Jesus Christ as the Savior of the world, Latin : Salvator mundi . There are numerous assumptions about the nickname “in Corte”. A part of the literature explains the origin of the epithet with a derivation from Curia , a nearby courthouse in antiquity, others see a connection with a Roman family de Curtibus . Further explanations are the origin of the Roman word for Jews curti - because of the circumcision - and a Jewish colony here in Trastevere or the borrowing from Cohors , since the VII cohort of the vigiles , which was settled by Emperor Augustus in Trastevere, had its seat nearby . Most likely, however, is that the epithet came about because of a special peculiarity of the buildings in Trastevere: the houses were built with small courtyards until around the middle of the 17th century, hence the name derives from Cortile , Italian: courtyard. This is also supported by the fact that the church is not or was not the only one in Trastevere with such an addition, there are other churches in this district with the addition of de curtibus .
It got its current name after a miracle that is said to have happened in 1730.
History and building history
According to legend, a Roman saint, St. Bonosa , is said to have set up an oratory here for the first time in the early third century . A connection with the martyrdom of St. Pigmenius around the middle of the 4th century is established. According to the documents, however, a church building is only tangible in the 10th century, around the period 985 to 996 a bull mentions Pope John XV. such a building, the mention of a Salvator Church in 950, cannot be assigned to this church with certainty. The church was subordinated to San Crisogono , a titular church , which in the following centuries led to numerous disputes between the clerics of the two churches. A number of popes had to confirm their possession to the clergy of San Crisogono again and again, for example Urban II , Calixt II , Innocent II , Lucius II , Hadrian IV , Alexander III. and Lucius III. or remind the members of the clergy of San Salvatore of their duties. It was not until 1595 that the church gained its independence.
This building from the 12th century was a three-aisled basilica , probably also based on San Crisogono. The apse of this previous building was painted. Only a few remains of this medieval building have survived: The church's campanile in particular dates from this period; The masonry of the apse was also retained during the renovations in the 18th century.
On March 23, 1730, a young man is said to have discovered the fresco of the Madonna on a wall , which performed miracles for him and others. The other version of the story is that a blind man saw and saw the fresco. He is said to have shouted “Luce, luce!” - Italian for “light”. The image of Mary was made with the consent of Pope Clement XIII. Went to church on August 11, 1730. With the onset of a strong influx of pilgrims, the desire arose to give the picture a more dignified setting and therefore the old church was almost completely laid down from 1730 and built in the style of the time, the baroque . The executive architect was Gabriele Valvassori . The work was essentially finished by 1768, only the completion of the facade dragged on until 1821 due to financial difficulties. Reports of various types of damage and repairs or renewals are known several times from the 19th century. The last restoration was carried out from 1968 to 1970; The campanile in particular was secured with concrete and iron struts.
The church is the seat of the religious communities Apostolato della Preghiera di Padre Pio di Pietralcina , the Gioventù Ardente Mariana and the Movimento Apostolico Ciechi , an organization that helps blind believers.
facade
The facade, which is very simple by Roman standards, has three axes and two storeys. The middle axis with the actual portal is set back slightly compared to the neighboring ones. On the lower floor, the two sides each contain a rectangular window, and a transverse oval window is inserted above the portal. The smooth cornice arches over it, but runs straight out to the sides. On the upper floor, a rectangular window is inserted in the central axis, the flanks are rounded, it can be an unfinished volute . The text of the inscription plaque above the transverse oval window reads: DEO SALVATORI DE CURTE AC B (EATEAE) M (ARIAE) V (IRGINI) / BARTHOLOMAEUS CANDUSSI / FRONTEM TEMPLI HUIUS PERFECIT (ANNO) MDCCCXXI and thus reminds of the completion of the facade in 1821 In order to integrate it into the other buildings, the facade is inclined considerably towards the street in relation to the central axis of the nave, which is visible in the entrance area to the vestibule .
Interior and outfit
The Valvassoris spatial solution is considered "interesting". In fact, it cannot be seen whether the room follows a central building scheme or rather a church based on the construction principle of the longitudinal room, it is a compromise between the two. Valvassori took up the basilical structure of the medieval building insofar as the church has three naves; the middle part of the central nave, on the other hand, is designed more like a central structure. The basic shape of the church is a Greek cross . The side aisles open into flat chapels, and a dome rises over the crossing. The dome's lantern was destroyed in 1891, and an opaque stepped on its side . The pilasters of the crossing pillars as well as the other elements are designed according to composite order , only the arch of the apse rests on capitals of Tuscan order , the dome wraps and the barrel vaults of the yokes are richly stuccoed.
To the right of the vestibule is a small chapel, possibly the baptistery of the previous building. It contains an altar from the 18th century.
The nave contains the stations of the cross , created by an Italian artist in 1934. The second chapel on the right contains a work by Giovanni Conca from 1754 in the altar sheet, depicting the death of St. Joseph .
The altar in the third chapel on the right also dates from the 18th century; it is also said to have been designed by Valvassori.
The tribuna is separated from the nave by a balustrade of different colored marble . In the high altar, behind a smaller modern one, are the relics of Pigmenius and the other martyrs Pollio and Miles . It dates from the 18th century and is attributed to Sebastiano Conca .
In the apse there is the fresco with the image of Mary, considered to be miraculous. It is probably a Roman work from the 15th century, renewed in 1730 and last restored in 1985.
The second chapel on the left contains an altar donated by the Roman Falconieri family in the 18th century; it is dedicated to St. Francis of Paola .
The sacristy can be reached from the left aisle and also dates from the 18th century. It consists of two rooms and contains the burial place of a rector of the church, Giuseppe Bragaldi ; he died in 1786.
literature
- Brigitte Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome . Founded by Walter Buchowiecki. 4th volume, Verlag Brüder Hollinek, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-85119-266-4 .
- Mariano Armellini: Le Chiese di Roma . Roma 1891.
- Christian Hülsen : Le Chiese di Roma nel Medio Evo . Firenze 1927.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , pp. 603/604.
- ^ Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 604.
- ^ Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , pp. 604/605.
- ^ Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 605.
- ^ Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , pp. 604-606.
- ^ Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 606.
- ↑ a b Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 609.
- ^ Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 608.
- ^ Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 610.
- ^ Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 611.
- ↑ See ground plan in Kuhn-Forte: Handbuch der Kirchen Roms , p. 618.
- ^ Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 612.
- ^ Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 613.
- ^ Kuhn-Forte: Handbook of the Churches of Rome , p. 616.
Coordinates: 41 ° 53 ′ 20.9 " N , 12 ° 28 ′ 31.8" E